The halo of M105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula populations: I. Wide-field photometric survey of planetary nebulae in the Leo I group
J. Hartke, M. Arnaboldi, O. Gerhard, L. Coccato, C. Pulsoni, K. C. Freeman, M. Merrifield, A. Cortesi, K. Kuijken
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22 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. Abridged abstract
M105 (NGC 3379) is an early-type galaxy in the Leo I group. This group is the nearest group that contains all main galaxy types and can thus be used as a benchmark to study the properties of the intra-group light (IGL) in low-mass groups. We use PNe as discrete stellar tracers of the diffuse light around M105. PNe were identified on the basis of their bright [OIII]5007 AA emission and the absence of a broad-band continuum. We compare the PN number density profile with the galaxy surface-brightness profile decomposed into metallicity components using published HST photometry in two halo fields. We identify 226 PNe candidates within a limiting magnitude of mlim = 28.1 from our Subaru-SuprimeCam imaging, covering 67.6 kpc along the major axis of M105 and the halos of NGC 3384 and NGC 3398. We find an excess of PNe at large radii compared to the stellar surface brightness profile from broad-band surveys. This excess is related to a variation in the luminosity-specific PN number $α$ with radius. The $α$-parameter value of the extended halo is more than 7 times higher than that of the inner halo. We also measure an increase in the slope of the PN luminosity function at fainter magnitudes with radius. We infer that the radial variation of the PN population properties is due to a diffuse population of metal-poor stars ([M/H] < -1.0) following an exponential profile, in addition to the M105 halo. The spatial coincidence between the number density profile of these metal-poor stars and the increase in the $α$-parameter value with radius establishes the missing link between metallicity and the post-AGB phases of stellar evolution. We estimate that the total bolometric luminosity associated with the exponential IGL population is 2.04x10^9 Lsun as a lower limit, corresponding to an IGL fraction of 3.8%. This work sets the stage for kinematic studies of the IGL in low-mass groups.
The halo of M105 and its group environment as traced by planetary nebula populations: II. Using kinematics of single stars to unveil the presence of intragroup light around the Leo I galaxies NGC 3384 and M105
Heavy elements unveil the non primordial origin of the giant HI ring in Leo
狮子座环是本宇宙中已知的最大的河外中性云,其起源和命运在发现38年后仍有争议。它的存在也可以归因于残留的原始气体,其中含有一些低水平的金属污染,而不是在星系-星系相遇期间剥离的富集气体。利用VLT上的MUSE(Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer)探测器,我们对狮子座环中的3个HI团簇进行了光学积分场谱研究,首次探测到环中的电离氢,并确定了4个由大质量恒星提供能量的星云区。这些星云显示了几条金属线([OIII],[NII],[SII]),这些金属线允许可靠的测量金属丰度,发现接近或高于太阳值。考虑到弥散恒星对应物的微弱性,在观测到的重元素中,只有不到3%的重元素可能是在环的主体中局部产生的,而在朝向M96的HI团簇中产生的重元素不超过15%。这个推论,以及这些区域之间的化学同质性,令人信服地证明了环中的气体不是原始的,而是在星系盘中预先富集的,然后被潮汐力移除和塑造,形成了稀疏的恒星群。
Young stars and reflection nebulae near the lower "edge" of the Galactic molecular disc
我们研究了发生在银河平面以下朝向光学反射星云ESO 368-8(IRAS 07383-3325)的区域中的恒星形成。我们确认存在一个小的年轻星团(或数十个YSO的聚集体),嵌入在位于银河系圆盘较低“边缘”附近的分子云中,并将年轻的恒星星族排除在外。我们报告了一个近红外星云的发现,并提出了一个CO地图揭示了一个新的密集,动态云核心。我们使用近红外JHKs图像,毫米CO光谱和光学V波段图像。这个恒星形成区显示了一个光学反射星云(ESO 368-8)和一个近红外星云,它们之间的距离约为46”(1.1 pc)。这两个星云很可能是同时代的,代表了同一个恒星形成时期的两种表现,年龄大约为100万年。近红外星云揭示了一个嵌入式的,光学和近红外不可见的光源,其光散射了由以前的恒星喷流或分子流出所雕刻的空腔,并进入我们的视线。分子云完全被我们的CO(J=1-0)图所覆盖,由这条线追踪,它延伸到7.8 x 7.8 pc ^2的区域,显示出5.4' x 5.4'的角尺寸和类似于球形(或稍微彗星状)的球状体的形状(接近圆形)。朝向近红外星云的方向,分子云包含一个致密的核心,其中分子气体显示出大的线宽,表明一个非常动态的状态,具有搅拌气体和超音速运动。我们估计这个区域的分子气体质量在600到1600个太阳质量之间。光学反射星云和近红外星云的消光Av分别为3-4等和12-15等。
The SLUGGS survey: combining stars, globular clusters and planetary nebulae to understand the assembly history of early-type galaxies from their large radii kinematics
A Multiwavelength Study of ELAN Environments (AMUSE$^2$). Mass budget, satellites spin alignment and gas infall in a massive $z\sim3$ quasar host halo
系统地瞄准高红移类星体周围的扩展Ly $α$辐射导致发现了与多个活动星系核(AGN)相关的罕见而明亮的巨大Ly $α$星云(ELANe)。我们在这里启动了“ELAN环境的多波长研究”(AMUSE $^2$),重点关注$z\sim3$类星体SDSS J1040+1020(又名)周围的ELAN。神话般的伊兰我们报告了VLT/HAWK-I、APEX/LABOCA、JCMT/SCUBA-2、SMA/850 $μ$ m、ALMA/CO(5-4)和2 mm观测结果,并将它们与先前发表的VLT/MUSE数据进行了比较。通过连续谱和谱线探测,可以初步估计与ELAN有关的四个天体(三个活动星系核和一个Ly $α$发射体)的恒星形成率、尘埃、恒星和分子气体质量,从而确认类星体宿主是系统中最具恒星形成能力的(${\rm SFR}\sim500$ M $_\odot$ Y $^{-1}$)和大质量星系($M_{\rm star}\sim10^{11}$ M $_{\odot}$),因此可以假定为中心星系。所有四个嵌入对象具有相似的分子气藏($M_{\rm H_2}\sim10^{10}$ M $_{\odot}$),导致短的耗尽时间尺度。这一事实加上估计的暗物质晕总质量$M_{\rm DM}=(0.8-2)\times10^{13}$ M $_{\odot}$,意味着这个ELAN将演化成一个巨大的椭圆星系…
SDSS-V LVM: Revealing the Physical and Chemical Structure of the Helix Nebula
Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学射电天文与天体物理研究所);Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Astronomía(墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所);Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学物理科学研究所);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利天体物理研究所);Institute of Astrophysics, Facultad de Ciencias(科学学院天体物理研究所)