抽水蓄能电站方案选择的整数规划模型
An integer programming model for the selection of pumped-hydro storage projects
摘要：
储能系统--特别是抽水蓄能（PHS）--在支持电力系统向零排放过渡方面将变得越来越重要。原因是PHS可以减轻太阳能和风能可再生能源生产的可变性和不确定性，以平衡电力需求与供应。在本文中，我们提出了一个整数规划的PHS选址问题，使用数字高程模型（DEM），以满足能量存储的要求。它假设存在一个水库、湖泊或河流，并决定在哪里建造一个水库，与现有的水体一起构成PHS。该模型在给定参数（如所需水头、功率和运行时间）的情况下，找到成本最低的项目候选者。本文探讨了确保水库截流和防止水库破碎的各种解决方法。启发式探索DEM的表示，从更聚合到更精确，以基于最后选择的站点顺序地细化解决方案，从而减少计算工作量。该公式是通用的，目标函数包括建筑和设备成本。约束条件与储能目标和水库关闭的DEM的基础上。我们说明了选择多个小灵通项目旁边的Sobradinho水电站在巴西的水库的方法。这一模式的结果可以被看作是一个自下而上的步骤，准备PHS候选项目，由一个综合资源规划模式在自上而下的步骤中考虑，这将从这些入围项目中进行选择。
英文摘要：
Energy storage systems - in particular, Pumped Hydropower Storage (PHS) - will be increasingly important to support the transition of power systems toward zero emissions. The reason is that PHS can mitigate the variability and uncertainty of renewable energy production from solar and wind power to balance electricity demand with supply. In this paper, we propose an integer programming problem for PHS siting that uses a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to meet an energy storage requirement. It assumes the existence of a reservoir, lake, or river, and decides where to build a reservoir that will constitute the PHS with the existing body of water. This model finds minimum-cost project candidates given parameters such as desired head, power, and operation time. The paper discusses different solution methods to assure reservoir closure and avoid its fragmentation. A heuristic explores the representations of the DEM, from more aggregate to more precise, to sequentially refine the solution based on the last selected site, which reduces computational effort. The formulation is general and the objective function includes both construction and equipment costs. Constraints are related to the energy storage target and reservoir closure based on the DEM. We illustrate the methodology by selecting multiple PHS projects next to the reservoir of the Sobradinho hydropower plant in Brazil. The result of this model can be seen as a bottom-up step that prepares PHS candidate projects to be considered by an integrated resource planning model in a top-down step, that would select from these shortlisted projects.
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