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arXiv 2007.15753cond-mat.quant-gas
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玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体涨落与粒子间相互作用

Bose-Einstein condensate fluctuations versus an interparticle interaction

Sergey V. Tarasov, Vladimir V. Kocharovsky, Vitaly V. Kocharovsky

摘要:

本文用Bogoliubov方法计算了箱阱中含有非均匀凝聚体的稀薄气体中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)占据统计与粒子间相互作用。结果进行了比较,对以前发现的BEC占领统计(i)的理想气体和(ii)弱相互作用的气体与均匀的冷凝。特别是,我们揭示和明确描述的外观的一个非平凡的过渡从理想气体的P-Fermi制度。结果包括找到BEC统计的主要制度-异常非高斯热主导的波动和高斯量子主导的波动-以及它们之间的交叉和它们在介观系统中的表现。值得注意的是,我们表明,边界条件的影响,施加在箱陷阱,对BEC波动不消失的宏观系统的热力学极限,即使在粒子间的相互作用的存在下。最后,我们讨论了一个具有挑战性的问题的实验验证的理论的BEC波动解决更深层次的多体统计物理比通常研究的数量有关的平均凝聚占领。

英文摘要:

We calculate the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) occupation statistics vs. the interparticle interaction in a dilute gas with a nonuniform condensate in a box trap within the Bogoliubov approach. The results are compared against the previously found BEC-occupation statistics in (i) an ideal gas and (ii) a weakly interacting gas with a uniform condensate. In particular, we reveal and explicitly describe an appearance of a nontrivial transition from the ideal gas to the Thomas-Fermi regime. The results include finding the main regimes of the BEC statistics - the anomalous non-Gaussian thermally-dominated fluctuations and the Gaussian quantum-dominated fluctuations - as well as a crossover between them and their manifestations in a mesoscopic system. Remarkably, we show that the effect of the boundary conditions, imposed at the box trap, on the BEC fluctuations does not vanish in the thermodynamic limit of a macroscopic system even in the presence of the interparticle interactions. Finally, we discuss a challenging problem of an experimental verification of the theory of the BEC fluctuations addressing a much deeper level of the many-body statistical physics than usually studied quantities related to the mean condensate occupation.

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