光子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚与激光和光凝聚的Hanbury Brown-Twiss测量
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Photons versus Lasing and Hanbury Brown-Twiss Measurements with a Condensate of Light
摘要：
玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的受控实验可达性的出现，如用例如冷原子气体、激子-极化激元和最近在染料填充的光学微腔中的光子实现的，为量子物理学中过多的基本概念的新研究和测试铺平了道路。我们在这里描述了最近的实验研究之间的过渡激光动力学和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的染料微腔系统中的光子。此外，测量的二阶相干的光子凝聚。在凝聚态中，我们观察到光子数波动的总粒子数的顺序，从有效的粒子交换与光激发染料分子的理解。观测到的强度涨落性质为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚在巨正则统计系综体系中的发生提供了证据。
英文摘要：
The advent of controlled experimental accessibility of Bose-Einstein condensates, as realized with e.g. cold atomic gases, exciton-polaritons, and more recently photons in a dye-filled optical microcavity, has paved the way for new studies and tests of a plethora of fundamental concepts in quantum physics. We here describe recent experiments studying a transition between laser-like dynamics and Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in the dye microcavity system. Further, measurements of the second-order coherence of the photon condensate are presented. In the condensed state we observe photon number fluctuations of order of the total particle number, as understood from effective particle exchange with the photo-excitable dye molecules. The observed intensity fluctuation properties give evidence for Bose-Einstein condensation occurring in the grand-canonical statistical ensemble regime.
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