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arXiv 2007.14148math.GRmath.LO
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塔与双曲群的一阶理论

Towers and the first-order theory of hyperbolic groups

Vincent Guirardel, Gilbert Levitt, Rizos Sklinos

摘要:

本文主要研究无挠双曲群的一阶理论。其目的之一是回顾一些结果,并提供精确和正确的陈述和定义,以及一些证明和新的结果。一个关键的概念是塔(Sela)或NTQ系统(Kharlampovich-Myasnikov)。我们彻底地讨论它们。本文提出并证明了一个新的一般定理,它统一了文献中的几个结果:初等等价的无挠双曲群有同构核(Sela),若$H$初等嵌入无挠双曲群$G$,则$G$是$H$相对于$H$的塔(Perin);自由群(Perin-Sklinos,Ould-Houcine),以及更一般地原型和自由群的自由积,是齐次的。与刚才提到的Sela和Perin的结果相反的是正确的。这是从解决塔斯基的问题基本等价的自由群,由于独立的塞拉和Kharlampovich,Myasnikov,我们视为一个黑盒子整个文件。我们提出了许多例子和反例,我们证明了一些新的模型理论的结果。刻画了无挠双曲群间的素模型和初等自由群间的极小模型。利用Fraïssé的方法,我们将每一个无挠双曲群$H$关联到一个唯一的齐次可数群$\mathcal{M}$,其中任何与$H$初等等价的双曲群$H'$都有一个初等嵌入.在附录中,我们给出了Sela的完整证明,证明了无挠双曲群$H$是$H$ -极限群。

英文摘要:

This paper is devoted to the first-order theory of torsion-free hyperbolic groups. One of its purposes is to review some results and to provide precise and correct statements and definitions, as well as some proofs and new results. A key concept is that of a tower (Sela) or NTQ system (Kharlampovich-Myasnikov). We discuss them thoroughly. We state and prove a new general theorem which unifies several results in the literature: elementarily equivalent torsion-free hyperbolic groups have isomorphic cores (Sela); if $H$ is elementarily embedded in a torsion-free hyperbolic group $G$, then $G$ is a tower over $H$ relative to $H$ (Perin); free groups (Perin-Sklinos, Ould-Houcine), and more generally free products of prototypes and free groups, are homogeneous. The converse to Sela and Perin's results just mentioned is true. This follows from the solution to Tarski's problem on elementary equivalence of free groups, due independently to Sela and Kharlampovich-Myasnikov, which we treat as a black box throughout the paper. We present many examples and counterexamples, and we prove some new model-theoretic results. We characterize prime models among torsion-free hyperbolic groups, and minimal models among elementarily free groups. Using Fraïssé's method, we associate to every torsion-free hyperbolic group $H$ a unique homogeneous countable group $\mathcal{M}$ in which any hyperbolic group $H'$ elementarily equivalent to $H$ has an elementary embedding. In an appendix we give a complete proof of the fact, due to Sela, that towers over a torsion-free hyperbolic group $H$ are $H$-limit groups.

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