Enterprise information systems have adopted Web-based foundations for exchanges between heterogeneous programmes. These programs provide and consume via Web APIs some resources identified by URIs, whose representations are transmitted via HTTP. Furthermore HTTP remains at the heart of all Web developments (Semantic Web, linked data, IoT...). Thus, situations where a program must be able to reason about HTTP interactions (request-response) are multiplying. This requires an explicit formal specification of a shared conceptualization of those interactions. A proposal for an RDF vocabulary exists, developed with a view to carrying out web application conformity tests and record the tests outputs. This vocabulary has already been reused. In this paper we propose to adapt and extend it for making it more reusable.
World Wide Web (WWW) is the most popular global information sharing and communication system consisting of three standards .i.e., Uniform Resource Identifier (URL), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML). Information is provided in text, image, audio and video formats over the web by using HTML which is considered to be unconventional in defining and formalizing the meaning of the context...
We present WebProtégé, a tool to develop ontologies represented in the Web Ontology Language (OWL). WebProtégé is a cloud-based application that allows users to collaboratively edit OWL ontologies, and it is available for use at https://webprotege.stanford.edu. WebProtégeé currently hosts more than 68,000 OWL ontology projects and has over 50,000 user accounts. In this paper, we detail the main new features of the latest version of WebProtégé.
Efficient ontology debugging is a cornerstone for many activities in the context of the Semantic Web, especially when automatic tools produce (parts of) ontologies such as in the field of ontology matching. The best currently known interactive debugging systems rely upon some meta information in terms of fault probabilities, which can speed up the debugging procedure in the good case, but can also have negative impact on the performance in the bad case. The problem is that assessment of the meta information is only possible a-posteriori. Consequently, as long as the actual fault is unknown, th…
Many database resources, such as Reactome, collect manually annotated reactions, interactions, and pathways from peer-reviewed publications. The interactors (e.g., a protein), interactions, and pathways in these data resources are often represented as instances in using BioPAX, a standard pathway data exchange format. However, these interactions are better represented as classes (or universals) since they always occur given appropriate conditions. This study aims to represent various human interaction pathways and networks as classes via a formal ontology aligned with the Basic Formal Ontology…
Ontology Refinement with Embeddings and LLMs: A Case Study on CASTON
University of Manchester（曼彻斯特大学）；Jönköping University（延雪平大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；COMPtech i Skillingaryd AB（COMPtech i Skillingaryd AB公司）
University of California, Santa Barbara（加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；CSIRO（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织）；Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne（圣艾蒂安国立高等矿业学校）
The Sensor, Observation, Sample, and Actuator (SOSA) ontology provides a formal but lightweight general-purpose specification for modeling the interaction between the entities involved in the acts of observation, actuation, and sampling. SOSA is the result of rethinking the W3C-XG Semantic Sensor Network (SSN) ontology based on changes in scope and target audience, technical developments, and lessons learned over the past years. SOSA also acts as a replacement of SSN's Stimulus Sensor Observation (SSO) core. It has been developed by the first joint working group of the Open Geospatial Consorti…
OntoChat: a Framework for Conversational Ontology Engineering using Language Models
King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）；Cefriel – Politecnico di Milano（Cefriel - 米兰理工大学）；Vienna University of Economics and Business（维也纳经济大学）；Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（马德里理工大学）
针对大型项目中多方交互导致的本体工程需求获取歧义与人工依赖问题，提出对话式本体工程框架OntoChat，支持需求获取、分析和测试，通过对话代理辅助用户故事创建、胜任力问题提取及早期本体测试，并在Music Meta Ontology复制实验中验证了有效性。
Center for Orbital Debris Education and Research (CODER), University of Maryland（马里兰大学轨道碎片教育与研究中心（CODER））；National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Datanauts（美国国家航空航天局（NASA）Datanauts）
This paper demonstrates the development of ontology for satellite databases. First, I create a computational ontology for the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Satellite Database (UCSSD for short), called the UCS Satellite Ontology (or UCSSO). Second, in developing UCSSO I show that The Space Situational Awareness Ontology (SSAO) (Rovetto and Kelso 2016)--an existing space domain reference ontology--and related ontology work by the author (Rovetto 2015, 2016) can be used either (i) with a database-specific local ontology such as UCSSO, or (ii) in its stead. In case (i), local ontologies such…
The study proposes a framework of ONTOlogy-based Group Decision Support System (ONTOGDSS) for decision process which exhibits the complex structure of decision-problem and decision-group. It is capable of reducing the complexity of problem structure and group relations. The system allows decision makers to participate in group decision-making through the web environment, via the ontology relation. It facilitates the management of decision process as a whole, from criteria generation, alternative evaluation, and opinion interaction to decision aggregation. The embedded ontology structure in ONT…
The Artificial Intelligence Ontology: LLM-assisted construction of AI concept hierarchies
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；UC Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute（海伦·威尔斯神经科学研究所）；Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience（红杉理论神经科学中心）
We present a formal Arabic wordnet built on the basis of a carefully designed ontology hereby referred to as the Arabic Ontology. The ontology provides a formal representation of the concepts that the Arabic terms convey, and its content was built with ontological analysis in mind, and benchmarked to scientific advances and rigorous knowledge sources as much as this is possible, rather than to only speakers' beliefs as lexicons typically are. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted thereby demonstrating that the current version of the top-levels of the ontology can top the majority of the Ara…
Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学计算生物科学研究中心）
We propose the Onto2Vec method, an approach to learn feature vectors for biological entities based on their annotations to biomedical ontologies. Our method can be applied to a wide range of bioinformatics research problems such as similarity-based prediction of interactions between proteins, classification of interaction types using supervised learning, or clustering.
The process of building ontologies is a difficult task that involves collaboration between ontology developers and domain experts and requires an ongoing interaction between them. This collaboration is made more difficult, because they tend to use different tool sets, which can hamper this interaction. In this paper, we propose to decrease this distance between domain experts and ontology developers by creating more readable forms of ontologies, and further to enable editing in normal office environments. Building on a programmatic ontology development environment, such as Tawny-OWL, we are no…
We addressed the problem of a lack of semantic representation for user-centric explanations and different explanation types in our Explanation Ontology (https://purl.org/heals/eo). Such a representation is increasingly necessary as explainability has become an important problem in Artificial Intelligence with the emergence of complex methods and an uptake in high-precision and user-facing settings. In this submission, we provide step-by-step guidance for system designers to utilize our ontology, introduced in our resource track paper, to plan and model for explanations during the design of the…
We challenge existing query-based ontology fault localization methods wrt. assumptions they make, criteria they optimize, and interaction means they use. We find that their efficiency depends largely on the behavior of the interacting expert, that performed calculations can be inefficient or imprecise, and that used optimization criteria are often not fully realistic. As a remedy, we suggest a novel (and simpler) interaction approach which overcomes all identified problems and, in comprehensive experiments on faulty real-world ontologies, enables a successful fault localization while requiring…
The focus of this paper is the calculation of similarity between two concepts from an ontology for a Human-Like Interaction system. In order to facilitate this calculation, a similarity function is proposed based on five dimensions (sort, compositional, essential, restrictive and descriptive) constituting the structure of ontological knowledge. The paper includes a proposal for computing a similarity function for each dimension of knowledge. Later on, the similarity values obtained are weighted and aggregated to obtain a global similarity measure. In order to calculate those weights associated…
OntoInk: Interactive Ontology Visualization, Validation, and Reasoning
FIZ Karlsruhe – Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure（FIZ Karlsruhe – 莱布尼茨信息基础设施研究所）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院（KIT））
IDEA2: Expert-in-the-loop competency question elicitation for collaborative ontology engineering
School of Computer Science and Informatics, University of Liverpool（利物浦大学计算机科学与信息学院）；College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University（塔伊巴大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Unilever Plc., Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool（联合利华公司，利物浦大学材料创新工厂）
Indian Institute of Technology, Tirupati（蒂鲁帕蒂印度理工学院）；International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad（海得拉巴国际信息技术学院）
Despite rapid progress, most of the educational technologies today lack a strong instructional design knowledge basis leading to questionable quality of instruction. In addition, a major challenge is to customize these educational technologies for a wide range of instructional designs. Ontologies are one of the pertinent mechanisms to represent instructional design in the literature. However, existing approaches do not support modeling of flexible instructional designs. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose an ontology based framework for systematic modeling of different aspects o…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；The University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）
Knowledge Graph (KG) and its variant of ontology have been widely used for knowledge representation, and have shown to be quite effective in augmenting Zero-shot Learning (ZSL). However, existing ZSL methods that utilize KGs all neglect the intrinsic complexity of inter-class relationships represented in KGs. One typical feature is that a class is often related to other classes in different semantic aspects. In this paper, we focus on ontologies for augmenting ZSL, and propose to learn disentangled ontology embeddings guided by ontology properties to capture and utilize more fine-grained class…
Kansas State University（堪萨斯州立大学）；Atmosphere and Space Technology Research Associates (ASTRA LLC)（大气与空间技术研究协会（ASTRA有限责任公司））；University of California, Los Angeles（加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校）
The interactions between the Sun, interplanetary space, near Earth space environment, the Earth's surface, and the power grid are, perhaps unsurprisingly, very complicated. The study of such requires the collaboration between many different organizations spanning the public and private sectors. Thus, an important component of studying space weather is the integration and analysis of heterogeneous information. As such, we have developed a modular ontology to drive the core of the data integration and serve the needs of a highly interdisciplinary community. This paper presents our preliminary mo…
An ontology for cross-sectoral crisis management: core and public health modules
University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；San Raffaele University of Rome（罗马圣拉斐尔大学）；University of Mannheim（曼海姆大学）；Institute for Cognitive Sciences and Technology, Italian National Research Council（意大利国家研究委员会认知科学与技术研究所）；European Commission（欧盟委员会）
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
Motivation: Ontologies are widely used in biology for data annotation, integration, and analysis. In addition to formally structured axioms, ontologies contain meta-data in the form of annotation axioms which provide valuable pieces of information that characterize ontology classes. Annotations commonly used in ontologies include class labels, descriptions, or synonyms. Despite being a rich source of semantic information, the ontology meta-data are generally unexploited by ontology-based analysis methods such as semantic similarity measures. Results: We propose a novel method, OPA2Vec, to gene…
Virtual Process Dossier: A Process-Aware Data Catalogue
Institute of Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods（应用信息学与形式描述方法研究所）；Karlsruhe Institute of Technology（卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院）；Institute of Production Sciences（生产科学研究所）；Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics（人机系统与机器人研究所）；Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation（弗劳恩霍夫光学技术、系统技术与图像利用研究所）；Institute of Vehicle System Technology（车辆系统技术研究所）；Institute of Information Security and Dependability（信息安全与可靠性研究所）；Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology（弗劳恩霍夫化学技术研究所）
Business ontology can enhance the successful development of complex enterprise system; this is being achieved through knowledge sharing and the ease of communication between every entity in the domain. Through human semantic interaction with the web resources, machines to interpret the data published in a machine interpretable form under web. However, the theoretical practice of business ontology in eCommerce domain is quite a few especially in the section of electronic transaction, and the various techniques used to obtain efficient communication across spheres are error prone and are not alw…
University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；Innopolis University（因诺波利斯大学）；Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council（国家研究委员会认知科学与技术研究所）；Lero - The Irish Software Research Center（Lero爱尔兰软件研究中心）；University College Cork（科克大学学院）
Quality, architecture, and process are considered the keystones of software engineering. ISO defines them in three separate standards. However, their interaction has been scarcely studied, so far. The SQuAP model (Software Quality, Architecture, Process) describes twenty-eight main factors that impact on software quality in banking systems, and each factor is described as a relation among some characteristics from the three ISO standards. Hence, SQuAP makes such relations emerge rigorously, although informally. In this paper, we present SQuAP-Ont, an OWL ontology designed by following a well-e…
The interaction between business models is used in consumer centric manner instead of using a producer centric approach for customizing the business process in cloud environment. The knowledge based human semantic web is used for customizing the business process It introduces the Human Semantic Web as a conceptual interface, providing human-understandable semantics on top of the ordinary Semantic Web, which provides machine-readable semantics based on RDF in this mismatching is a major problem. To overcome this following technique automatic customization detection is an automated process of de…
Ontology Memory-Augmented ASR Correction for Long Text-Speech Interleaved Conversations
Institute of Computing and Intelligence, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), China（哈尔滨工业大学（深圳）计算与智能研究所）；Shenzhen Loop Area Institute (SLAI), China（深圳环域研究所）
This paper introduces a ROS Multi Ontology References (ARMOR) service, a general-purpose and scalable interface between robot architectures and OWL reasoners. ARMOR addresses synchronisation and communication issues among heterogeneous and distributed software components. As a guiding scenario, we consider a prototyping approach for the use of symbolic reasoning in human-robot interaction applications.
The relatively recent adoption of Knowledge Graphs as an enabling technology in multiple high-profile artificial intelligence and cognitive applications has led to growing interest in the Semantic Web technology stack. Many semantics-related tools, however, are focused on serving experts with a deep understanding of semantic technologies. For example, triplification of relational data is available but there is no open source tool that allows a user unfamiliar with OWL/RDF to import data into a semantic triple store in an intuitive manner. Further, many tools require users to have a working und…
Contextualized Structural Self-supervised Learning for Ontology Matching
Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)（俄罗斯人民友谊大学（卢蒙巴大学））；Joint Institute for Nuclear Research（联合核研究所）；Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹自由大学）；University of Skövde（舍夫德大学）；University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Research Institute of Frontier Technologies（阿里巴巴-浙江大学前沿技术联合研究院）
Self-supervised protein language models have proved their effectiveness in learning the proteins representations. With the increasing computational power, current protein language models pre-trained with millions of diverse sequences can advance the parameter scale from million-level to billion-level and achieve remarkable improvement. However, those prevailing approaches rarely consider incorporating knowledge graphs (KGs), which can provide rich structured knowledge facts for better protein representations. We argue that informative biology knowledge in KGs can enhance protein representation…
Graz University of Technology（格拉茨工业大学）；GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences（GESIS——莱布尼茨社会科学研究所）；University of Koblenz-Landau（科布伦茨-兰道大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
Biomedical taxonomies, thesauri and ontologies in the form of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) as a taxonomy or the National Cancer Institute Thesaurus as an OWL-based ontology, play a critical role in acquiring, representing and processing information about human health. With increasing adoption and relevance, biomedical ontologies have also significantly increased in size. For example, the 11th revision of the ICD, which is currently under active development by the WHO contains nearly 50,000 classes representing a vast variety of different diseases and causes of death. This…
