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arXiv 2007.10529cs.CRcs.NI
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区块链遇上COVID-19:联系信息共享和风险通知系统框架

Blockchain Meets COVID-19: A Framework for Contact Information Sharing and Risk Notification System

Jinyue Song, Tianbo Gu, Zheng Fang, Xiaotao Feng, Yunjie Ge, Hao Fu, Pengfei Hu, Prasant Mohapatra

摘要:

COVID-19是人类历史上严重的全球性流行病。尽管有特定的药物和疫苗来遏制这一流行病,但追踪和隔离感染源是减缓病毒传播、降低感染率和死亡率的最佳选择。现有的接触者追踪系统有三个缺点:1。用户数据存储在集中式数据库中,该数据库可能被窃取和篡改,2.用户的机密个人身份可能会泄露给第三方或组织,3.现有的接触者追踪系统仅关注从一个维度的信息共享,例如基于位置的追踪,这大大限制了此类系统的有效性。我们提出了一个利用区块链、智能合约和蓝牙的全球COVID-19信息共享和风险通知系统。为了保护用户隐私,我们设计了一个新的基于区块链的平台,可以从多个维度共享一致且不可篡改的联系人跟踪信息,例如基于位置的间接联系人和基于蓝牙的直接联系人。分层智能合约架构还旨在实现用户关于如何处理和利用用户数据的全球协议,从而提高数据使用的透明度。此外,我们提出了一种机制,从多个方面来保护用户身份隐私。更重要的是,我们的系统可以通过智能合约通知用户风险暴露。我们实现了一个原型系统进行广泛的测量,以证明我们的系统的可行性和有效性。

英文摘要:

COVID-19 is a severe global epidemic in human history. Even though there are particular medications and vaccines to curb the epidemic, tracing and isolating the infection source is the best option to slow the virus spread and reduce infection and death rates. There are three disadvantages to the existing contact tracing system: 1. User data is stored in a centralized database that could be stolen and tampered with, 2. User's confidential personal identity may be revealed to a third party or organization, 3. Existing contact tracing systems only focus on information sharing from one dimension, such as location-based tracing, which significantly limits the effectiveness of such systems. We propose a global COVID-19 information sharing and risk notification system that utilizes the Blockchain, Smart Contract, and Bluetooth. To protect user privacy, we design a novel Blockchain-based platform that can share consistent and non-tampered contact tracing information from multiple dimensions, such as location-based for indirect contact and Bluetooth-based for direct contact. Hierarchical smart contract architecture is also designed to achieve global agreements from users about how to process and utilize user data, thereby enhancing the data usage transparency. Furthermore, we propose a mechanism to protect user identity privacy from multiple aspects. More importantly, our system can notify the users about the exposure risk via smart contracts. We implement a prototype system to conduct extensive measurements to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our system.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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