In this paper we use the heat equation in a group of Heisenberg type $\mathbb{G}$ to provide a unified treatment of the two very different extension problems for the time independent pseudo-differential operators $\mathscr L^s$ and $\mathscr L_s$, $0< s\leq 1$. Here, $\mathscr L^s$ is the fractional power of the horizontal Laplacian, and $\mathscr L_s$ is the conformal fractional power of the horizontal Laplacian on $\mathbb{G}$. One of our main objective is compute explicitly the fundamental solutions of these nonlocal operators by a new approach exclusively based on partial differential equations and semigroup methods. When $s=1$ our results recapture the famous fundamental solution found by Folland and generalised by Kaplan.
In this note we construct an integral boundary condition for the Kohn Laplacian in a given domain on the Heisenberg group extending to the setting of the Heisenberg group M. Kac's "principle of not feeling the boundary". This also amounts to finding the trace on smooth surfaces of the Newton potential associated to the Kohn Laplacian. We also obtain similar results for higher powers of the Kohn Laplacian.
The aim of this paper is threefold. First, we obtain the precise bounds for the heat kernel on isotropic Heisenberg groups by using well-known results in the three dimensional case. Second, we study the asymptotic estimates at infinity for the heat kernel on nonisotropic Heisenberg groups. As a consequence, we give uniform upper and lower estimates of the heat kernel, and complete its short-time behavior obtained by Beals-Gaveau-Greiner. Third, we complete the results obtained in \cite{Li12} about the heat kernel of Grushin operators.
The goal of this paper is to study the action of the heat operator on the Heisenberg group H^d, and in particular to characterize Besov spaces of negative index on H^d in terms of the heat kernel. That characterization can be extended to positive indexes using Bernstein inequalities. As a corollary we obtain a proof of refined Sobolev inequalities in W^{s,p} spaces.
In this note we obtain gradient estimates for the heat semigroup on nonisotropic Heisenberg groups. More precisely, our aim is to get the H.-Q. Li inequality on nonisotropic Heisenberg groups, which is a generalization of the original result on the classical Heisenberg group of dimension 3 and a counterpart of the inequality on the H-type groups. Our proof is based on a Cheeger type inequality, which is an approach proposed by Bakry et al.
We study the following nonlocal diffusion equation in the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}_n$, \[ u_t(z,s,t)=J\ast u(z,s,t)-u(z,s,t), \] where $\ast$ denote convolution product and $J$ satisfies appropriated hypothesis. For the Cauchy problem we obtain that the asymptotic behavior of the solutions is the same form that the one for the heat equation in the Heisenberg group. To obtain this result we use the spherical transform related to the pair $(U(n),\mathbb{H}_n)$. Finally we prove that solutions of properly rescaled nonlocal Dirichlet problem converge uniformly to the solution of the correspond…
In this paper, we study a critical exponent to the semilinear heat equation with forcing term on Heisenberg group. Our technique of proof is based on methods of nonlinear capacity estimates specifically adapted to the nature of the Heisenberg group. Surprisingly, the critical exponent will be bounded for all dimensions of the Heisenberg group, in contrast to the Euclidean case which in the 1D and 2D cases will be infinite. In addition, we give an upper bound estimate on the lifespan of local solutions.
By adapting a technique of Molchanov, we obtain the heat kernel asymptotics at the sub-Riemannian cut locus, when the cut points are reached by an $r$-dimensional parametric family of optimal geodesics. We apply these results to the bi-Heisenberg group, that is, a nilpotent left-invariant sub-Rieman\-nian structure on $\mathbb{R}^{5}$ depending on two real parameters $α_{1}$ and $α_{2}$. We develop some results about its geodesics and heat kernel associated to its sub-Laplacian and we illuminate some interesting geometric and analytic features appearing when one compares the isotropic ($α_{1}=…
Let $L = -1/4 (\sum_{j=1}^n(X_j^2+Y_j^2)+iγT)$ where $γ$ is a complex number, $X_j$, $Y_j$, and $T$ are the left invariant vector fields of the Heisenberg group structure for $R^n \times R^n \times R$. We explicitly compute the Fourier transform (in the spatial variables) of the fundamental solution of the Heat Equation $\partial_sρ= -Lρ$. As a consequence, we have a simplified computation of the Fourier transform of the fundamental solution of the $\Box_b$-heat equation on the Heisenberg group and an explicit kernel of the heat equation associated to the weighted dbar-operator in $C^n$ with w…
In this paper we consider the semilinear Cauchy problem for the heat equation with power nonlinearity in the Heisenberg group $\mathbf{H}_n$. The heat operator is given in this case by $\partial_t-Δ_H$, where $Δ_H$ is the so-called sub-Laplacian on $\mathbf{H}_n$. We prove that the Fujita exponent $1 + 2/Q$ is critical, where $Q = 2n + 2$ is the homogeneous dimension of $\mathbf{H}_n$. Furthermore, we prove sharp lifespan estimates for local in time solutions in the subcritical case and in the critical case. In order to get the upper bound estimate for the lifespan (especially, in the critical…
We investigate observability and Lipschitz stability for the Heisenberg heat equation on the rectangular domain $$Ω= (-1,1)\times\mathbb{T}\times\mathbb{T}$$ taking as observation regions slices of the form $ω=(a,b) \times \mathbb{T} \times \mathbb{T}$ or tubes $ω= (a,b) \times ω_y \times \mathbb{T}$, with $-1<a<b<1$. We prove that observability fails for an arbitrary time $T>0$ but both observability and Lipschitz stability hold true after a positive minimal time, which depends on the distance between $ω$ and the boundary of $Ω$: $$T_{\min} \geqslant \frac{1}{8} \min\{(1+a)^2,(1-b)^2\}.$$ Our…
We show that not feeling the boundary estimates for heat kernels hold for any non-negative self-adjoint extension of the Laplace operator acting on vector-valued compactly supported functions on a domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$. They are therefore valid for any choice of boundary condition and we show that the implied constants can be chosen independent of the self-adjoint extension. The method of proof is very general and is based on finite propagation speed estimates and explicit Fourier Tauberian theorems obtained by Y. Safarov.
In this paper we generalize the instantaneous blowup result from [3] and [15] to the heat equation perturbed by singular potentials on the Heisenberg group.
This paper is part of a series papers devoted to geometric and spectral theoretic applications of the hypoelliptic calculus on Heisenberg manifolds. More specifically, in this paper we make use of the Heisenberg calculus of Beals-Greiner and Taylor to analyze the spectral theory of hypoelliptic operators on Heisenberg manifolds. The main results of this paper include: (i) Obtaining complex powers of hypoelliptic operators as holomorphic families of Psi_{H}DO's, which can be used to define a scale of weighted Sobolev spaces interpolating the weighted Sobolev spaces of Folland-Stein and providin…
We study logarithmic Sobolev inequalities with respect to a heat kernel measure on finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional Heisenberg groups. Such a group is the simplest non-trivial example of a sub-Riemannian manifold. First we consider logarithmic Sobolev inequalities on non-isotropic Heisenberg groups. These inequalities are considered with respect to the hypoelliptic heat kernel measure, and we show that the logarithmic Sobolev constants can be chosen to be independent of the dimension of the underlying space. In this setting, a natural Laplacian is not an elliptic but a hypoelliptic …
We obtain the asymptotic expansion of the solutions of some anisotropic heat equations when the initial data belong to polynomially weighted Lp-spaces. We mainly address two model examples. In the first one, the diffusivity is of order two in some variables but higher in the other ones. In the second one we consider the heat equation on the Heisenberg group.
In this note we focus our attention on a stochastic heat equation defined on the Heisenberg group $\mathbf{H}^{n}$ of order $n$. This equation is written as $\partial_t u=\frac{1}{2}Δu+u\dot{W}_α$, where $Δ$ is the hypoelliptic Laplacian on $\mathbf{H}^{n}$ and $\{\dot{W}_α; α>0\}$ is a family of Gaussian space-time noises which are white in time and have a covariance structure generated by $(-Δ)^{-α}$ in space. Our aim is threefold: (i) Give a proper description of the noise $W_α$; (ii) Prove that one can solve the stochastic heat equation in the Itô sense as soon as $α>\frac{n}{2}$; (iii) Gi…
We study the heat kernel transform on a nilmanifold M associated to a H-type group. Using a reduction technique we reduce the problem to the case of Heisenberg groups. The image of $ L^2(M) $ under the heat kernel transform is shown to be a direct sum of weighted Bergman spaces.
The aim of this note is twofold. The first one is to find conditions on the asymptotic sequence which ensures differentiation of a general asymptotic expansion with respect to it. Our method results from the classical one but generalizes it. As an application, our second aim is to give sharp asymptotic estimates at infinity of the heat kernel on H-type groups by the method of differentiation provided we have the result of the isotropic Heisenberg groups.
This paper deals with the Schr{ö}dinger equation $i\partial_s u({\bf z},t;s)-\cal L u({\bf z}, t;s)=0,$ where $\cal L$ is the sub-Laplacian on the Heisenberg group. Assume that the initial data $f$ satisfies $| f({\bf z},t)| \leq C q_a({\bf z},t),$ where $q_s$ is the heat kernel associated to $\cal L.$ If in addition $ |u({\bf z},t;s_0)|\leq C q_b({\bf z},t),$ for some $s_0\in \R^*,$ then we prove that $u({\bf z},t;s)=0$ for all $s\in \R $ whenever $ab<s_0^2.$ This result also holds true on $H$-type groups.
