一个有向图$D$是半完全的,如果对于$D,$的每一对顶点$x,y$,在$x$和$y.$ \viol{Thus, a tournament is a semicomplete digraph.}之间至少有一条弧。在有向分量序连通性(DCOC)问题中,给定有向图$D=(V,A)$和一对自然数$k$和$\ell$,我们将决定是否存在大小为$k$的$V$的子集$X$,使得$D-X$中的最大强连接性分量最多具有$\ell$顶点。我们研究了一般有向图和半完全有向图的DCOC的参数复杂性,参数分别为:$k, \ell,\ell+k$和$n-\ell$ .特别地,我们证明了半完全有向图上带参数$k$的DCOC可以在时间$O^*(2^{16k})$中求解,但不能在时间$O^*(2^{o(k)})$中求解,除非指数时间假设(ETH)失效. \gutin{The upper bound $O^*(2^{16k})$ implies the upper bound $O^*(2^{16(n-\ell)})$ for the parameter $n-\ell.$ We complement the latter by showing that there is no algorithm of time complexity $O^*(2^{o({n-\ell})})$ unless ETH fails.}最后,我们将\viol{(in dependency on $\ell$)}的上界G{<$}ke,Marx和Mnich(2019)改进为DCOC的时间复杂度,参数为$\ell+k$,从$O^*(2^{O(k\ell\log (k\ell))})$到$O^*(2^{O(k\log (k\ell))}).$注意,Dregi和van 't Hof(2016)证明,即使对于分裂图上的DCOC的无向版本,也没有运行时间的算法$O^*(2^{o(k\log \ell)})$,除非ETH失败,并且它是一个长时间的算法。判定有向反馈顶点集是否允许时间复杂度为$O^*(2^{o(k\log k)}).$的算法的一个长期问题
英文摘要:
A directed graph $D$ is semicomplete if for every pair $x,y$ of vertices of $D,$ there is at least one arc between $x$ and $y.$ \viol{Thus, a tournament is a semicomplete digraph.} In the Directed Component Order Connectivity (DCOC) problem, given a digraph $D=(V,A)$ and a pair of natural numbers $k$ and $\ell$, we are to decide whether there is a subset $X$ of $V$ of size $k$ such that the largest strong connectivity component in $D-X$ has at most $\ell$ vertices. Note that DCOC reduces to the Directed Feedback Vertex Set problem for $\ell=1.$ We study parametered complexity of DCOC for general and semicomplete digraphs with the following parameters: $k, \ell,\ell+k$ and $n-\ell$. In particular, we prove that DCOC with parameter $k$ on semicomplete digraphs can be solved in time $O^*(2^{16k})$ but not in time $O^*(2^{o(k)})$ unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis (ETH) fails. \gutin{The upper bound $O^*(2^{16k})$ implies the upper bound $O^*(2^{16(n-\ell)})$ for the parameter $n-\ell.$ We complement the latter by showing that there is no algorithm of time complexity $O^*(2^{o({n-\ell})})$ unless ETH fails.} Finally, we improve \viol{(in dependency on $\ell$)} the upper bound of G{ö}ke, Marx and Mnich (2019) for the time complexity of DCOC with parameter $\ell+k$ on general digraphs from $O^*(2^{O(k\ell\log (k\ell))})$ to $O^*(2^{O(k\log (k\ell))}).$ Note that Drange, Dregi and van 't Hof (2016) proved that even for the undirected version of DCOC on split graphs there is no algorithm of running time $O^*(2^{o(k\log \ell)})$ unless ETH fails and it is a long-standing problem to decide whether Directed Feedback Vertex Set admits an algorithm of time complexity $O^*(2^{o(k\log k)}).$
Decremental Data Structures for Connectivity and Dominators in Directed Graphs
我们引入了一个新的动态数据结构,用于维护强连接组件(SCC)的有向图(有向图)下的边缘删除,以回答丰富的剧目的连接查询。我们的主要技术贡献是一个递减的数据结构,支持敏感性查询的形式“是$ u $和$ v $强连接的图形$ G \setminus w $?“,而$ u, v, w $经历边的删除。我们的数据结构在$O(m n \log{n})$总时间和$O(n^2 \log{n})$空间中处理具有$n$顶点的有向图中的边删除序列,其中$m$是任何删除之前的边的数目,并且在常数时间内回答上述查询。我们可以利用我们的数据结构来获得递减的数据结构,用于在相同的时间和空间复杂度内的更多类型的查询。例如,对于边相关的查询,诸如对于某些查询边$e$,测试两个查询顶点$u$和$v$在$G \setminus e$中是否强连接。作为我们的递减数据结构的另一个重要应用,我们提供了第一个非平凡的算法,用于维护的支配树的流图下的边缘删除。我们提出了一个算法,处理流图中的边删除序列在$O(m n \log{n})$总时间和$O(n^2 \log{n})$空间。对于可约流图,我们给出了一个$O(mn)$ -时间和$O(m + n)$ -空间算法.我们给出了一个有条件的下界,提供证据表明,这些运行时间可能是紧的子多项式的因素。