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arXiv 2007.03628physics.flu-dyn
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粘性分层通道中最优扰动的早期演化

Early evolution of optimal perturbations in a viscosity-stratified channel

Ritabrata Thakur, Arjun Sharma, Rama Govindarajan

摘要:

这项工作表明,扰动增长的早期阶段的粘度分层流是不同的,从那些在一个恒定的粘度流,以及如何非线性是一个至关重要的成分。我们推导出粘性变化的伴随纳维-斯托克斯方程,其中粘性梯度迫使伴随动量和伴随标量(这里是温度)。利用直接伴随环技术,得到了使非线性系统扰动动能最大的非线性最优扰动。虽然我们研究的三维平面Poietille(通道)流的壁在不同的温度下,和温度依赖性的粘度,我们的研究结果是一般的任何流动的粘度变化附近的墙壁。奥尔和修改后的升力机制分别在低和高扰动振幅在我们的亚临界雷诺数。非线性最优扰动包含更多的热(少粘)侧的能量,具有更强的初始升力。然而,随着流动的发展,重要的动力学转移到冷(更粘)的一面,在那里,低粘度的宽高速条纹生长并持续存在,并加强速度分布的弯曲质量。我们提供了这个过程的物理描述,并表明,线性最优扰动的演变错过了大部分的物理。普朗特数在这些时候不会对结果产生定性影响。非线性最优扰动的研究仍处于起步阶段,而粘性变化是普遍存在的。我们希望,这第一次工作的非线性最佳扰动与粘度变化将导致更广泛的研究过渡到湍流在这些流动。

英文摘要:

This work shows how the early stages of perturbation growth in a viscosity-stratified flow are different from those in a constant-viscosity flow, and how nonlinearity is a crucial ingredient. We derive the viscosity-varying adjoint Navier-Stokes equations, where gradients in viscosity force both the adjoint momentum and the adjoint scalar (here temperature). By the technique of direct-adjoint looping, we obtain the nonlinear optimal perturbation which maximises the perturbation kinetic energy of the nonlinear system. While we study three-dimensional plane Poiseuille (channel) flow with the walls at different temperatures, and a temperature-dependent viscosity, our findings are general for any flow with viscosity variations near walls. The Orr and modified lift-up mechanisms are in operation at low and high perturbation amplitudes respectively at our subcritical Reynolds number. The nonlinear optimal perturbation contains more energy on the hot (less-viscous) side, with a stronger initial lift-up. However, as the flow evolves, the important dynamics shifts to the cold (more-viscous) side, where wide high-speed streaks of low viscosity grow and persist, and strengthen the inflectional quality of the velocity profile. We provide a physical description of this process, and show that the evolution of the linear optimal perturbation misses most of the physics. The Prandtl number does not qualitatively affect the findings at these times. The study of nonlinear optimal perturbations is still in its infancy, and viscosity variations are ubiquitous. We hope that this first work on nonlinear optimal perturbation with viscosity variations will lead to wider studies on transition to turbulence in these flows.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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