arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2007.02806cs.CRcs.CY
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联系人追踪:技术和网络风险概述

Contact Tracing: An Overview of Technologies and Cyber Risks

Franck Legendre, Mathias Humbert, Alain Mermoud, Vincent Lenders

摘要:

二零二零年COVID-19疫情导致全球封城,对健康及经济造成严重影响。因此,全球各地的当局都表示需要更好的工具来监测病毒的传播并支持人类劳动。谷歌和苹果等研究人员和科技公司已提出以接触追踪应用程序的形式开发此类工具。这些应用程序的目标是不断跟踪人们的接近程度,并使智能手机用户知道他们是否曾经与确诊的人接触过,以便他们可以自我隔离,并可能进行感染测试。这些基于智能手机的联系人追踪技术的一个根本挑战是确保其用户的安全和隐私。从手动转向基于智能手机的联系人追踪会产生新的网络风险,可能会突然影响到整个人口。主要风险包括公司和/或当局滥用人们的私人数据,或恶意用户传播错误警报,以迫使个人进入隔离区。2020年4月,泛欧隐私保护邻近追踪(PEPP-PT)宣布成立,旨在为欧洲国家开发和评估安全解决方案。然而,过了一段时间,一些团队成员离开了这个联盟,并创建了DP-3 T,这导致了专家之间的国际辩论。目前,非专家关注这场辩论会令人困惑;本报告旨在通过对网络安全和隐私风险进行客观评估,阐明各种拟议技术。我们首先回顾了数字接触追踪技术的最新发展,然后探讨了针对COVID-19提出的技术的风险效用权衡。我们特别关注某些国家已经采用的技术。

英文摘要:

The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global lockdown with severe health and economical consequences. As a result, authorities around the globe have expressed their needs for better tools to monitor the spread of the virus and to support human labor. Researchers and technology companies such as Google and Apple have offered to develop such tools in the form of contact tracing applications. The goal of these applications is to continuously track people's proximity and to make the smartphone users aware if they have ever been in contact with positively diagnosed people, so that they could self-quarantine and possibly have an infection test. A fundamental challenge with these smartphone-based contact tracing technologies is to ensure the security and privacy of their users. Moving from manual to smartphone-based contact tracing creates new cyber risks that could suddenly affect the entire population. Major risks include for example the abuse of the people's private data by companies and/or authorities, or the spreading of wrong alerts by malicious users in order to force individuals to go into quarantine. In April 2020, the Pan-European Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing (PEPP-PT) was announced with the goal to develop and evaluate secure solutions for European countries. However, after a while, several team members left this consortium and created DP-3T which has led to an international debate among the experts. At this time, it is confusing for the non-expert to follow this debate; this report aims to shed light on the various proposed technologies by providing an objective assessment of the cybersecurity and privacy risks. We first review the state-of-the-art in digital contact tracing technologies and then explore the risk-utility trade-offs of the techniques proposed for COVID-19. We focus specifically on the technologies that are already adopted by certain countries.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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