各向异性量子磁体中稳定的Higgs模
Stable Higgs mode in anisotropic quantum magnets
摘要：
在凝聚态系统中，与序参量的振幅涨落相关的低能激发可以模拟标准模型中的基本粒子希格斯玻色子，被称为希格斯模。识别凝聚态希格斯模式是一项挑战，因为在许多情况下，它会迅速衰变为其他低能玻色子模式，这使得希格斯模式不可见。因此，希望找到一种稳定Higgs模的方法，这将有助于深入了解凝聚态物理中Higgs模的稳定机制。在量子磁体中，由自发对称性破缺引起的磁序支持横向（磁振子）和纵向（希格斯模）涨落。当连续对称性被破坏时，戈德斯通磁振子模式通常具有比希格斯模式更低的激发能，导致后者快速衰减。在这项工作中，我们表明，一个稳定的希格斯模式存在于各向异性量子磁体的量子临界点附近的二聚和磁有序相。我们发现，易磁化轴各向异性增加了磁振子能隙，使得在量子临界点附近磁振子模高于Higgs模，并且Higgs模衰变为磁振子模在运动学上是被禁止的.我们的研究结果表明，各向异性量子磁体提供了理想的平台，探讨凝聚态系统中的希格斯物理。
英文摘要：
Low-energy excitations associated with the amplitude fluctuation of an order parameter in condensed matter systems can mimic the Higgs boson, an elementary particle in the standard model, and are dubbed as Higgs modes. Identifying the condensed-matter Higgs mode is challenging because it is known in many cases to decay rapidly into other low-energy bosonic modes, which renders the Higgs mode invisible. Therefore, it is desirable to find a way to stabilize the Higgs mode, which can offer an insight into the stabilization mechanism of the Higgs mode in condensed matter physics. In quantum magnets, magnetic order caused by spontaneous symmetry breaking supports transverse (magnons) and longitudinal (Higgs modes) fluctuations. When a continuous symmetry is broken, the Goldstone magnon mode generally has a lower excitation energy than the Higgs mode, causing a rapid decay of the latter. In this work, we show that a stable Higgs mode exists in anisotropic quantum magnets near the quantum critical point between the dimerized and magnetically ordered phases. We find that an easy axis anisotropy increases the magnon gap such that the magnon mode is above the Higgs mode near the quantum critical point, and the decay of the Higgs mode into the magnon mode is forbidden kinematically. Our results suggest that the anisotropic quantum magnets provide ideal platforms to explore the Higgs physics in condensed matter systems.
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