All clocks, classical or quantum, are open non equilibrium irreversible systems subject to the constraints of thermodynamics. Using examples I show that these constraints necessarily limit the performance of clocks and that good clocks require large energy dissipation. For periodic clocks, operating on a limit cycle, this is a consequence of phase diffusion. It is also true for non periodic clocks (for example, radio carbon dating) but due to telegraph noise not to phase diffusion. In this case a key role is played by accurate measurements that decrease entropy, thereby raising the free energy of the clock, and requires access to a low entropy reservoir. In the quantum case, for which thermal noise is replaced by quantum noise (spontaneous emission or tunnelling), measurement plays an essential role for both periodic and non periodic clocks. The paper concludes with a discussion of the Tolman relations and Rovelli's thermal time hypothesis in terms of clock thermodynamics.
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas（巴西物理研究中心）；University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU（巴斯克公立大学）；Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University（冲绳科学技术大学院大学）；Atominstitut, TU Wien（维也纳工业大学原子研究所）；Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院量子光学与量子信息研究所）；Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学）；Western University（韦仕敦大学）
Feedback-Enhanced Quantum Metrology and Clock Precision under Thermodynamic Uncertainty
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optoelectronic Devices and Chips of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology（江苏高校智能光电器件与芯片重点实验室，苏州科技大学物理科学与技术学院）；Advanced Technology Research Institute of Taihu Photon Center, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology（太湖光子中心先进技术研究院，苏州科技大学物理科学与技术学院）；Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University（浙江师范大学物理系）
A First-Principles Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation for Shortcuts to Adiabaticity
Universidad de Buenos Aires（布宜诺斯艾利斯大学）；CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires（阿根廷国家科学研究委员会-布宜诺斯艾利斯大学）；ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology（光子科学研究所，巴塞罗那科学技术学院）
Precision is not limited by the second law of thermodynamics
Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information - IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院量子光学与量子信息研究所）；Chalmers University of Technology（查尔姆斯理工大学）；University of Malta（马耳他大学）
The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics（阿卜杜斯·萨拉姆国际理论物理中心）；Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien（维也纳工业大学原子研究所）；Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information - IQOQI Vienna, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院维也纳量子光学与量子信息研究所）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学物理系）；Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (IFISC), UIB-CSIC（巴利阿里群岛-西班牙国家科研委员会跨学科物理与复杂系统研究所）
Entropic costs of extracting classical ticks from a quantum clock
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Zurich（苏黎世大学）；Institute of Science and Technology Austria（奥地利科学技术研究所）；Politecnico di Milano（米兰理工大学）；Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院）；Trinity College Dublin（都柏林三一学院）；King’s College London（伦敦国王学院）
Comment on "Entropic Costs of Extracting Classical Ticks from a Quantum Clock"
College of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications（南京邮电大学理学院）；Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Low Dimensional Physics and New Energy（江苏省低维物理与新能源工程研究中心）
Thermodynamic origin of quantum time-energy uncertainty relation
时间问题是承认量子理论是自然界最基本的描述的一个显著障碍。量子理论如果建立在经典概念上，可能是不完整的。路易·德布罗意（Louis de Broglie）似乎对他提出的物质波的本体论或多或少地深信不疑，试图发展一种依赖于统计热力学的亚量子自由度理论。他将量子粒子理解为一种通过亚量子介质的非线性效应形成的波动的致密微粒。介质上的波引导振动的微粒。他认为，量子粒子的内在时钟与它在亚量子水平上的布朗运动有关。这使他猜想德布罗意时钟频率$m c^2/h$与其隐含温度之间的关系，该温度等于周围亚量子介质的温度。大约在同一时间，曼德布罗特是第一个在经典环境中推导出能量和温度之间的热力学不确定性关系的人，这是玻尔和海森堡在量子理论发展的最初几年所预料到的。我们在这里表明，当德布罗意温度-时间猜想假设，热力学温度-能量不确定性关系导致量子时间-能量不确定性关系。
