周期热力学中的能流
Energy flow in periodic thermodynamics
摘要：
表征耦合到热浴的时间周期性受迫量子系统的关键量是在稳态下通过系统流入热浴的能量，在那里它被耗散。我们推导出一个一般表达式，它允许一个计算这个能量耗散率的热浴由大量的谐振子，并制定出两个解析可解的模型的例子。特别是，我们区分真正的过渡实现系统的Floquet状态的变化，伪过渡保持该状态，后者被证明产生的总耗散率的重要贡献。我们的研究结果表明，可能的驱动介导的加热和冷却方案的量子水平。它们还表明，一个驱动系统不一定只占据一个单一的Floquet状态时，与零温度浴接触。
英文摘要：
A key quantity characterizing a time-periodically forced quantum system coupled to a heat bath is the energy flowing in the steady state through the system into the bath, where it is dissipated. We derive a general expression which allows one to compute this energy dissipation rate for a heat bath consisting of a large number of harmonic oscillators, and work out two analytically solvable model examples. In particular, we distinguish between genuine transitions effectuating a change of the systems's Floquet state, and pseudo-transitions preserving that state; the latter are shown to yield an important contribution to the total dissipation rate. Our results suggest possible driving-mediated heating and cooling schemes on the quantum level. They also indicate that a driven system does not necessarily occupy only a single Floquet state when being in contact with a zero-temperature bath.
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