一般空间非均匀性和时间周期下的理想自由扩散
Ideal Free Dispersal under General Spatial heterogeneity and Time Periodicity
摘要：
如果一个种群中的每个成员都选择了一个固定的空间位置，使其个体适应度最优化，考虑到拥挤效应，那么这个种群就被称为在空间异质但时间恒定的环境中具有理想的自由分布。在本文中，我们扩展了与空间中的特定位置相关联的个体适应度的概念，以考虑个体生物体在空间和时间中在周期性循环中的完整路径，并将理想自由分布的数学公式扩展到一般的时间周期环境。我们发现，在许多其他情况下，人口使用的扩散策略，可以产生一个广义的理想的自由分布有一个竞争优势，相对于人口使用的策略，不产生一个理想的自由分布。一个尖锐的准则的环境功能被发现是必要的，充分的理想自由分布是可行的。在满足标准的情况下，我们发现，存在分散策略，可以确定为产生一个理想的自由分布的时间周期版本，这样的策略是进化稳定的，是邻居入侵者从自适应动力学的观点。我们的结果扩展了以前的作品，其中的环境是时间上恒定的，或时间上周期性的，但总的承载能力是时间上恒定的。
英文摘要：
A population is said to have an ideal free distribution in a spatially heterogeneous but temporally constant environment if each of its members have chosen a fixed spatial location in a way that optimizes its individual fitness, allowing for the effects of crowding. In this paper, we extend the idea of individual fitness associated with a specific location in space to account for the full path that an individual organism takes in space and time over a periodic cycle, and extend the mathematical formulation of an ideal free distribution to general time periodic environments. We find that, as in many other cases, populations using dispersal strategies that can produce a generalized ideal free distribution have a competitive advantage relative to populations using strategies that do not produce an ideal free distribution. A sharp criterion on the environmental functions is found to be necessary and sufficient for such ideal free distribution to be feasible. In the case the criterion is met, we showed that there exist dispersal strategies that can be identified as producing a time-periodic version of an ideal free distribution, and such strategies are evolutionarily steady and are neighborhood invaders from the viewpoint of adaptive dynamics. Our results extend previous works in which the environments are either temporally constant, or temporally periodic but the total carrying capacity is temporally constant.
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