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arXiv 2007.00335cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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用高维神经网络预测氧化态和自旋态:应用于锂锰氧化物尖晶石

Predicting Oxidation and Spin States by High-Dimensional Neural Networks: Applications to Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinels

Marco Eckhoff, Knut Nikolas Lausch, Peter E. Blöchl, Jörg Behler

摘要:

锂离子电池通常含有过渡金属氧化物,如Li $_{x}$ Mn $_2$ O $_4$($0\leq x\leq2$)。取决于Li含量,存在不同比例的Mn $^\text{III}$与Mn $^\text{IV}$离子。结合电子跳跃,Mn $^\text{III}$ O $_6$八面体的Jahn-Teller畸变可以引起复杂的现象,如结构转变和电导。虽然对于小的模型系统的氧化和自旋态可以使用密度泛函理论(DFT)确定,DFT的动力学现象的调查是过于苛刻。以前,我们已经表明,一个高维的神经网络潜力可以扩展的分子动力学(MD)模拟锂$_{x}$锰$_2$ O $_4$纳秒的时间尺度,但这些模拟没有提供有关的电子结构的信息。在这里,我们将神经网络的使用扩展到原子氧化和自旋状态的预测。由此产生的高维神经网络是能够预测的Mn离子的自旋只有0.03 $\hbar$的误差。我们发现Mn e $_\text{g}$电子是正确守恒的,并且对于不同的Li含量,Jahn-Teller畸变Mn $^\text{III}$ O $_6$八面体的数目得到了精确的预测.在280和300 K之间观察到电荷有序转变,这与电阻率测量相匹配。此外,以上的相变的电子跳跃传导的激活能被预测为0.18 eV偏离实验只有0.02 eV。这项工作表明,机器学习是能够提供一个准确的表示,Li $_x$ Mn $_2$ O $_4$的几何和电子结构动力学,在时间和长度尺度上是无法访问的从头算MD。

英文摘要:

Lithium ion batteries often contain transition metal oxides like Li$_{x}$Mn$_2$O$_4$ ($0\leq x\leq2$). Depending on the Li content different ratios of Mn$^\text{III}$ to Mn$^\text{IV}$ ions are present. In combination with electron hopping the Jahn-Teller distortions of the Mn$^\text{III}$O$_6$ octahedra can give rise to complex phenomena like structural transitions and conductance. While for small model systems oxidation and spin states can be determined using density functional theory (DFT), the investigation of dynamical phenomena by DFT is too demanding. Previously, we have shown that a high-dimensional neural network potential can extend molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Li$_{x}$Mn$_2$O$_4$ to nanosecond time scales, but these simulations did not provide information about the electronic structure. Here we extend the use of neural networks to the prediction of atomic oxidation and spin states. The resulting high-dimensional neural network is able to predict the spins of the Mn ions with an error of only 0.03 $\hbar$. We find that the Mn e$_\text{g}$ electrons are correctly conserved and that the number of Jahn-Teller distorted Mn$^\text{III}$O$_6$ octahedra is predicted precisely for different Li loadings. A charge ordering transition is observed between 280 and 300 K, which matches resistivity measurements. Moreover, the activation energy of the electron hopping conduction above the phase transition is predicted to be 0.18 eV deviating only 0.02 eV from experiment. This work demonstrates that machine learning is able to provide an accurate representation of both, the geometric and the electronic structure dynamics of Li$_x$Mn$_2$O$_4$, on time and length scales that are not accessible by ab initio MD.

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