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arXiv 2006.16490astro-ph.GA
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利用深度学习从HI发射中提取冷中性介质:对高纬度银河系前景的影响

Extracting the cold neutral medium from HI emission with deep learning: Implications for Galactic foregrounds at high latitude

Claire E. Murray, J. E. G. Peek, Chang-Goo Kim

摘要:

解析中性氢的相结构对于理解星际介质的生命周期至关重要。然而,HI温度和密度的精确测量受到用于测量HI吸收的背景连续源的可用性的限制。在这里,我们测试了深度学习在没有光学深度信息的情况下在大面积上提取HI属性的使用。我们训练一个一维卷积神经网络,使用合成观测的三维数值模拟的ISM预测的冷中性介质(f_CNM)和校正光学薄HI柱密度光学深度(R_HI)从$21\rm\,cm$发射单独。我们限制我们的分析高银河系纬度($ |b| >30度),其中的谱线配置文件的复杂性最小化。我们验证了网络准确地预测f_CNM和R_HI通过比较结果与21 cm吸收的直接约束。通过将该网络应用于GALFA-HI调查,我们生成了大面积的f_CNM和R_HI图。虽然冷中性介质(CNM)丰富的结构的总HI列的整体贡献是小的(~5%),我们发现,这些结构是无处不在的。我们的研究结果与在21 cm发射中观察到的小尺度结构与磁场一致。最后,我们证明了所观察到的HI柱密度和尘埃红化(E(B-V))之间的相关性随着R_HI的增加而下降,这表明即使在高纬度地区,未来使用HI量化前景银河系E(B-V)的努力也应该通过考虑HI相结构来提高保真度。

英文摘要:

Resolving the phase structure of neutral hydrogen (HI) is crucial for understanding the life cycle of the interstellar medium (ISM). However, accurate measurements of HI temperature and density are limited by the availability of background continuum sources for measuring HI absorption. Here we test the use of deep learning for extracting HI properties over large areas without optical depth information. We train a 1D convolutional neural network using synthetic observations of 3D numerical simulations of the ISM to predict the fraction of cold neutral medium (f_CNM) and the correction to the optically-thin HI column density for optical depth (R_HI) from $21\rm\,cm$ emission alone. We restrict our analysis to high Galactic latitudes ($|b|>30 deg), where the complexity of spectral line profiles is minimized. We verify that the network accurately predicts f_CNM and R_HI by comparing the results with direct constraints from 21 cm absorption. By applying the network to the GALFA-HI survey, we generate large-area maps of f_CNM and R_HI. Although the overall contribution to the total HI column of cold neutral medium (CNM)-rich structures is small (~5%), we find that these structures are ubiquitous. Our results are consistent with the picture that small-scale structures observed in 21 cm emission aligned with the magnetic field are dominated by CNM. Finally, we demonstrate that the observed correlation between HI column density and dust reddening (E(B-V)) declines with increasing R_HI, indicating that future efforts to quantify foreground Galactic E(B-V) using HI, even at high latitudes, should increase fidelity by accounting for HI phase structure.

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