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arXiv 0904.0404astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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宇宙学21厘米线观测的前景:I.在低纬场中150兆赫银河辐射的首次Westerbork测量

Foregrounds for observations of the cosmological 21 cm line: I. First Westerbork measurements of Galactic emission at 150 MHz in a low latitude field

G. Bernardi, A. G. de Bruyn, M. A. Brentjens, B. Ciardi, G. Harker, V. Jelic, L. V. E. Koopmans, P. Labropoulos, A. Offringa, V. N. Pandey, J. Schaye, R. M. Tho… 展开作者

G. Bernardi, A. G. de Bruyn, M. A. Brentjens, B. Ciardi, G. Harker, V. Jelic, L. V. E. Koopmans, P. Labropoulos, A. Offringa, V. N. Pandey, J. Schaye, R. M. Thomas, S. Yatawatta, S. Zaroubi

摘要:

我们提出的第一个结果,从一系列的观测与Westerbork望远镜在140- 160 MHz的范围内与2弧分的分辨率,旨在表征时代的再电离实验的前景的属性。我们第一次在150 MHz的低银河纬度地区(称为扇形区)探测到了尺度大于13弧分的银河弥散辐射的波动。这些波动的$rms$为14 K。总强度功率谱表现出下降到$\ell \sim 900$的幂律行为,斜率为$β^I_\ell = -2.2 \pm 0.3$。在较小的角度尺度上的漫发射的检测受到残余点源的限制。我们测量了$\sim$ 3 mJ束流$^{-1}$的$rms$混淆噪声.在此频率下还首次检测到了扩散偏振发射。极化信号在空间上和沿视线方向上都表现出复杂的结构。极化功率谱在$\ell \sim 2700$下呈幂律行为,斜率为$β^P_\ell = -1.65 \pm 0.15$ .在4角分尺度上,极化涨落的$rms$为7.2 K.通过外推测量的总强度发射谱,我们发现在5角分尺度上$δT= \sqrt{\ell (\ell+1) C^I_\ell / 2π} \sim 5.7$ K的宇宙学信号受到了污染,在相同角尺度上相应的$rms$值为$\sim$ 18.3 K。偏振功率谱的水平是在5弧分尺度上的$δT \sim 3.3$ K。由于其异常明亮的偏振信号,扇形区域很可能代表了银河系中纬度和高纬度天空亮度的上限。

英文摘要:

We present the first results from a series of observations conducted with the Westerbork telescope in the 140--160 MHz range with a 2 arcmin resolution aimed at characterizing the properties of the foregrounds for epoch of reionization experiments. For the first time we have detected fluctuations in the Galactic diffuse emission on scales greater than 13 arcmin at 150 MHz, in the low Galactic latitude area known as Fan region. Those fluctuations have an $rms$ of 14 K. The total intensity power spectrum shows a power--law behaviour down to $\ell \sim 900$ with slope $β^I_\ell = -2.2 \pm 0.3$. The detection of diffuse emission at smaller angular scales is limited by residual point sources. We measured an $rms$ confusion noise of $\sim$3 mJy beam$^{-1}$. Diffuse polarized emission was also detected for the first time at this frequency. The polarized signal shows complex structure both spatially and along the line of sight. The polarization power spectrum shows a power--law behaviour down to $\ell \sim 2700$ with slope $β^P_\ell = -1.65 \pm 0.15$. The $rms$ of polarization fluctuations is 7.2 K on 4 arcmin scales. By extrapolating the measured spectrum of total intensity emission, we find a contamination on the cosmological signal of $δT= \sqrt{\ell (\ell+1) C^I_\ell / 2π} \sim 5.7$ K on 5 arcmin scales and a corresponding $rms$ value of $\sim$18.3 K at the same angular scale. The level of the polarization power spectrum is $δT \sim 3.3$ K on 5 arcmin scales. Given its exceptionally bright polarized signal, the Fan region is likely to represent an upper limit on the sky brightness at moderate and high Galactic latitude.

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