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arXiv 2006.13583astro-ph.HE
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四个邻近X射线微弱AGN的$NuSTAR$观测:低亮度还是严重的遮蔽?

$NuSTAR$ Observations of Four Nearby X-ray Faint AGN: Low Luminosity or Heavy Obscuration?

A. Annuar, D. M. Alexander, P. Gandhi, G. B. Lansbury, D. Asmus, M. Balokovic, D. R. Ballantyne, F. E. Bauer, P. G. Boorman, W. N. Brandt, M. Brightman, C. -T. … 展开作者

A. Annuar, D. M. Alexander, P. Gandhi, G. B. Lansbury, D. Asmus, M. Balokovic, D. R. Ballantyne, F. E. Bauer, P. G. Boorman, W. N. Brandt, M. Brightman, C. -T. J. Chen, A. Del Moro, D. Farrah, F. A. Harrison, M. J. Koss, L. Lanz, S. Marchesi, A. Masini, E. Nardini, C. Ricci, D. Stern, L. Zappacosta

摘要:

我们目前的$NuSTAR$观测的四个活动星系核(AGN)位于15百万秒差距。这些活动星系核,即ESO 121-G6、NGC 660、NGC 3486和NGC 5195,观测到了$L_{\rm 2-10\ keV, obs} \lesssim$ 10 $^{39}$ erg s $^{-1}$的X射线亮度,将它们归类为低亮度活动星系核(LLAGN)。通过结合$NuSTAR$数据和$Chandra$或$XMM-Newton$观测数据对活动星系核进行宽带X射线谱分析,直接测量它们的柱密度($N_{\rm H}$)并推断它们的内禀能量。我们补充我们的X射线数据与档案和新的高角分辨率中红外(中红外)数据的所有对象,除了NGC 5195。根据我们的X射线光谱分析,我们发现ESO 121-G6和NGC 660都被严重遮蔽($N_{\rm H}$ > 10 $^{23}$ cm $^{-2}$ ; $L_{\rm 2-10\ keV,\ int} \sim$ 10 $^{41}$ erg s $^{-1}$),NGC 660可能是康普顿厚度。我们还注意到,在过去的十年中,ESO 121-G6的X射线通量和光谱斜率发生了显着变化,表明遮蔽和潜在的吸积率发生了显着变化。另一方面,NGC 3486和NGC 5195似乎分别未被$L_{\rm 2-10\ keV,\ int} <$ 10 $^{39}$ erg $^{-1}$遮蔽和仅轻度遮蔽;即,真正的LLAGN。这两个被严重遮蔽的活动星系核都有$L_{\rm bol} >$ 10 $^{41}$ erg s $^{-1}$和$λ_{\rm Edd} \gtrsim$ 10 $^{-3}$,并在高角分辨率中红外成像中被探测到,表明在核尺度上存在遮蔽尘埃。然而,NGC 3486在高分辨率中红外成像中未被检测到,并且目前的数据并没有对活动星系核中是否存在模糊的核尘埃提供严格的限制。

英文摘要:

We present $NuSTAR$ observations of four active galactic nuclei (AGN) located within 15 Mpc. These AGN, namely ESO 121-G6, NGC 660, NGC 3486 and NGC 5195, have observed X-ray luminosities of $L_{\rm 2-10\ keV, obs} \lesssim$ 10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$, classifying them as low luminosity AGN (LLAGN). We perform broadband X-ray spectral analysis for the AGN by combining our $NuSTAR$ data with $Chandra$ or $XMM-Newton$ observations to directly measure their column densities ($N_{\rm H}$) and infer their intrinsic power. We complement our X-ray data with archival and new high angular resolution mid-infrared (mid-IR) data for all objects, except NGC 5195. Based on our X-ray spectral analysis, we found that both ESO 121-G6 and NGC 660 are heavily obscured ($N_{\rm H}$ > 10$^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$; $L_{\rm 2-10\ keV,\ int} \sim$ 10$^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$), and NGC 660 may be Compton-thick. We also note that the X-ray flux and spectral slope for ESO 121-G6 have significantly changed over the last decade, indicating significant changes in the obscuration and potentially accretion rate. On the other hand, NGC 3486 and NGC 5195 appear to be unobscured and just mildly obscured, respectively, with $L_{\rm 2-10\ keV,\ int} <$ 10$^{39}$ erg s$^{-1}$; i.e., genuine LLAGN. Both of the heavily obscured AGN have $L_{\rm bol} >$ 10$^{41}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and $λ_{\rm Edd} \gtrsim$ 10$^{-3}$, and are detected in high angular resolution mid-IR imaging, indicating the presence of obscuring dust on nuclear scale. NGC 3486 however, is undetected in high-resolution mid-IR imaging, and the current data do not provide stringent constraints on the presence or absence of obscuring nuclear dust in the AGN.

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