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arXiv 1602.01148astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE
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用XMM-Newton和NuSTAR测量船底座η星的热X射线尾

Eta Carinae's Thermal X-ray Tail Measured with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR

Kenji Hamaguchi, Michael F. Corcoran, Theodore R. Gull, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Brian W. Grefenstette, Takayuki Yuasa, Martin Stuhlinger, Christopher M. P. Russell… 展开作者

Kenji Hamaguchi, Michael F. Corcoran, Theodore R. Gull, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Brian W. Grefenstette, Takayuki Yuasa, Martin Stuhlinger, Christopher M. P. Russell, Anthony F. J. Moffat, Neetika Sharma, Thomas I. Madura, Noel D. Richardson, Jose Groh, Julian M. Pittard, Stanley Owocki

摘要:

演化的大质量高偏心双星系统船底座eta在2014年夏天经历了一次近星点通过。我们获得了两个协调的X射线观测与XMM-牛顿和NuSTAR期间的X射线通量状态的提高和之前的X射线最小通量状态在这个通道。这些NuSTAR观测清楚地检测到与eta Car相关的X射线发射,首次扩展到~50 keV。10 keV以上的NuSTAR谱可以与kT ~6 keV等离子体的韧致辐射尾拟合。如果冲击气体处于碰撞电离平衡,则该温度比从铁K发射线复合物测量的温度高Δ kT ~ 2keV。这一结果可能表明伴星的激波前风速被低估了。NuSTAR在接近X射线最小值状态时的观测结果表明,一天中能量超过5千电子伏时,X射线发射量逐渐下降40%,这是迄今为止在个别eta Car观测中观测到的X射线通量的最大变化率。最硬的发射成分NH ~ 1 e24 cm-2的柱密度是迄今为止观测到的最高的eta Car值之一,这强烈表明在超级合之前,厚厚的主星风增加了风-风碰撞X射线发射的遮蔽。这两次观测都没有在INTEGRAL和朱雀在2011年之前观测到的极硬带中检测到幂律分量。如果NuSTAR的未检测是由吸收引起的,则幂律源必须很小,并且位于非常靠近WWC顶点的位置。另一种可能是,幂律源与eta Car或GeV伽马射线源都不相关。

英文摘要:

The evolved, massive highly eccentric binary system, eta Carinae, underwent a periastron passage in the summer of 2014. We obtained two coordinated X-ray observations with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR during the elevated X-ray flux state and just before the X-ray minimum flux state around this passage. These NuSTAR observations clearly detected X-ray emission associated with eta Car extending up to ~50 keV for the first time. The NuSTAR spectrum above 10 keV can be fit with the bremsstrahlung tail from a kT ~6 keV plasma. This temperature is Delta kT ~2 keV higher than those measured from the iron K emission line complex, if the shocked gas is in collisional ionization equilibrium. This result may suggest that the companion star's pre-shock wind velocity is underestimated. The NuSTAR observation near the X-ray minimum state showed a gradual decline in the X-ray emission by 40% at energies above 5 keV in a day, the largest rate of change of the X-ray flux yet observed in individual eta Car observations. The column density to the hardest emission component, NH ~1e24 cm-2, marked one of the highest values ever observed for eta Car, strongly suggesting increased obscuration of the wind-wind colliding X-ray emission by the thick primary stellar wind prior to superior conjunction. Neither observation detected the power-law component in the extremely hard band that INTEGRAL and Suzaku observed prior to 2011. If the non-detection by NuSTAR is caused by absorption, the power-law source must be small and located very near the WWC apex. Alternatively, it may be that the power-law source is not related to either eta Car or the GeV gamma-ray source.

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