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arXiv 2006.11894physics.comp-phphysics.geo-ph
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使用基于物理的深度学习求解波动方程

Solving the wave equation with physics-informed deep learning

Ben Moseley, Andrew Markham, Tarje Nissen-Meyer

摘要:

我们研究了使用物理信息神经网络(PINNs)求解波动方程。虽然PINN已成功应用于许多物理系统,但由于其解的多尺度、传播和振荡性质,波动方程提出了独特的挑战,目前还不清楚它们在这种情况下的表现如何。我们使用深度神经网络来学习波动方程的解,在训练网络时使用波动方程和边界条件作为损失函数中的直接约束。我们通过求解二维声波方程来测试这种方法,以适应日益复杂的空间变化速度模型,包括均匀,分层和地球现实模型,并发现该网络能够准确地模拟这些情况下的波场。通过使用损失函数中的物理约束,网络能够解决远远超出其边界训练数据的波场,提供了一种减少现有深度学习方法泛化问题的方法。我们通过将网络调节到源位置来扩展地球现实情况下的方法,并发现它能够在此初始条件下进行推广,从而无需为每个解决方案重新训练网络。与传统的数值模拟相比,这种方法在计算波场中的任意时空点时非常有效,因为一旦训练好,网络就可以在一个步骤中进行推理,而无需计算整个波场。我们讨论了这项工作的潜在应用,局限性和进一步的研究方向。

英文摘要:

We investigate the use of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving the wave equation. Whilst PINNs have been successfully applied across many physical systems, the wave equation presents unique challenges due to the multi-scale, propagating and oscillatory nature of its solutions, and it is unclear how well they perform in this setting. We use a deep neural network to learn solutions of the wave equation, using the wave equation and a boundary condition as direct constraints in the loss function when training the network. We test the approach by solving the 2D acoustic wave equation for spatially-varying velocity models of increasing complexity, including homogeneous, layered and Earth-realistic models, and find the network is able to accurately simulate the wavefield across these cases. By using the physics constraint in the loss function the network is able to solve for the wavefield far outside of its boundary training data, offering a way to reduce the generalisation issues of existing deep learning approaches. We extend the approach for the Earth-realistic case by conditioning the network on the source location and find that it is able to generalise over this initial condition, removing the need to retrain the network for each solution. In contrast to traditional numerical simulation this approach is very efficient when computing arbitrary space-time points in the wavefield, as once trained the network carries out inference in a single step without needing to compute the entire wavefield. We discuss the potential applications, limitations and further research directions of this work.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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