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arXiv 2006.07040stat.MEcs.LGstat.ML
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反事实推理的分解表示学习

Learning Decomposed Representation for Counterfactual Inference

Zhejiang University(浙江大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学);NetEase Inc.(网易公司)

Anpeng Wu, Kun Kuang, Junkun Yuan, Bo Li, Runze Wu, Qiang Zhu, Yueting Zhuang, Fei Wu

摘要:

从观察数据估计处理效应的基本问题是混杂因素的识别和平衡。大多数以前的方法通过将所有观察到的治疗前变量作为混杂因素来实现混杂因素平衡,忽略了进一步识别混杂因素和非混杂因素。一般而言,并非所有观察到的治疗前变量都是指治疗和结局的常见原因的混杂因素,一些变量仅对治疗有贡献,一些变量仅对结局有贡献。平衡这些非混杂因素,包括工具变量和调整变量,将产生处理效应估计的额外偏倚。通过对观察到的治疗前变量、治疗和结果之间的不同因果关系建模,我们提出了一个协同学习框架:1)通过学习混杂因素和非混杂因素的分解表示来识别混杂因素; 2)通过样本重新加权技术来平衡混杂因素; 3)同时通过反事实推理来估计观察性研究中的处理效应。在合成数据集和真实数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法能够精确分解混杂因素,并实现比基线更精确的处理效应估计。

英文摘要:

The fundamental problem in treatment effect estimation from observational data is confounder identification and balancing. Most of the previous methods realized confounder balancing by treating all observed pre-treatment variables as confounders, ignoring further identifying confounders and non-confounders. In general, not all the observed pre-treatment variables are confounders that refer to the common causes of the treatment and the outcome, some variables only contribute to the treatment and some only contribute to the outcome. Balancing those non-confounders, including instrumental variables and adjustment variables, would generate additional bias for treatment effect estimation. By modeling the different causal relations among observed pre-treatment variables, treatment and outcome, we propose a synergistic learning framework to 1) identify confounders by learning decomposed representations of both confounders and non-confounders, 2) balance confounder with sample re-weighting technique, and simultaneously 3) estimate the treatment effect in observational studies via counterfactual inference. Empirical results on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can precisely decompose confounders and achieve a more precise estimation of treatment effect than baselines.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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