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arXiv 2006.05424quant-phcond-mat.stat-mech
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量子相干性与各向异性

Quantum Coherence and Ergotropy

Gianluca Francica, Felix C. Binder, Giacomo Guarnieri, Mark T. Mitchison, John Goold, Francesco Plastina

备注：
v1: 5+3 pages, 3 figures. Comments welcome. v2: Accepted version
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 180603 (2020)
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摘要：

对功提取的约束是我们对经典和量子系统热力学的操作理解的基础。在量子环境中，有限时间控制操作通常在动力系统的瞬时能量本征基中产生相干性。原则上，热力学循环可以被设计成从这种非平衡资源中提取功。在这里，我们隔离和研究量子相干组件的工作产量在这样的协议。具体来说，我们确定了一个连贯的贡献遍历（通过周期性变化的哈密顿参数的酉可提取的工作的最大量）。我们通过将最佳变换分成不相干操作和相干提取周期来证明这一点。我们得到的可提取的工作的相干和不相干的部分的界限，并讨论其饱和度在特定的设置。我们的结果说明了几个例子，包括有限维系统和玻色子高斯态，描述最近的实验量子热机与量化负载。

英文摘要：

Constraints on work extraction are fundamental to our operational understanding of the thermodynamics of both classical and quantum systems. In the quantum setting, finite-time control operations typically generate coherence in the instantaneous energy eigenbasis of the dynamical system. Thermodynamic cycles can, in principle, be designed to extract work from this non-equilibrium resource. Here, we isolate and study the quantum coherent component to the work yield in such protocols. Specifically, we identify a coherent contribution to the ergotropy (the maximum amount of unitarily extractable work via cyclical variation of Hamiltonian parameters). We show this by dividing the optimal transformation into an incoherent operation and a coherence extraction cycle. We obtain bounds for both the coherent and incoherent parts of the extractable work and discuss their saturation in specific settings. Our results are illustrated with several examples, including finite-dimensional systems and bosonic Gaussian states that describe recent experiments on quantum heat engines with a quantized load.

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