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arXiv 2006.03539cond-mat.stat-mech
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弱噪声极限下一维Langevin过程的电流统计和脱钉相变

Current statistics and depinning transition for a one-dimensional Langevin process in the weak-noise limit

Nicolás Tizón-Escamilla, Vivien Lecomte, Eric Bertin

摘要:

本文考虑在周期边界条件下,一维势场中受均匀非保守力驱动的具有朗之万动力学的粒子。我们感兴趣的是系统的一般粒子流的时间积分的非典型值的性质。为了研究这些,我们偏置的动态,在轨迹水平上,由一个参数共轭的电流,在大偏差形式主义。我们调查,在弱噪声的限制,由物理驱动力和参数定义的偏置过程的相图。我们特别关注在这个二维相图中的脱钉过渡。在不存在轨迹偏差的情况下,作为力的函数的脱钉转变由标准指数$\frac{1}{2}$表征。我们发现,对于任何非零的偏见,脱钉过渡的特点是作为一个函数的偏置或力的反对数行为,接近临界线。我们还报告了一个标度指数$\frac{1}{3}$的电流时,考虑脱钉过渡的偏置,固定的非保守力,其临界值的情况下,偏置。然后,针对时间积分的粒子流,研究了零电流阶段倾斜势出现局部极小值时的热舍入效应。在这种情况下,我们推导出的阿克里欧斯缩放,在小噪声限制,粒子电流和缩放累积量生成函数。这种推导依赖于偏置福克-普朗克算子的左本征向量的确定,在低噪声限制下达到指数级。在此极限下,积分电流的一个有效的泊松统计出现。

英文摘要:

We consider a particle with a Langevin dynamics driven by a uniform non-conservative force, in a one-dimensional potential with periodic boundary conditions. We are interested in the properties of the system for atypical values of the time-integral of a generalized particle current. To study these, we bias the dynamics, at trajectory level, by a parameter conjugated to the current, within the large-deviation formalism. We investigate, in the weak-noise limit, the phase diagram spanned by the physical driving force and the parameter defining the biased process. We focus in particular on the depinning transition in this two-dimensional phase diagram. In the absence of trajectory bias, the depinning transition as a function of the force is characterized by the standard exponent $\frac{1}{2}$. We show that for any non-zero bias, the depinning transition is characterized by an inverse logarithmic behavior as a function of either the bias or the force, close to the critical lines. We also report a scaling exponent $\frac{1}{3}$ for the current when considering the depinning transition in terms of the bias, fixing the non-conservative force to its critical value in the absence of bias. Then, focusing on the time-integrated particle current, we study the thermal rounding effects in the zero-current phase when the tilted potential exhibits a local minimum. We derive in this case the Arrhenius scaling, in the small noise limit, of both the particle current and the scaled cumulant generating function. This derivation of the Arrhenius scaling relies on the determination of the left eigenvector of the biased Fokker-Planck operator, to exponential order in the low-noise limit. An effective Poissonian statistics of the integrated current emerges in this limit.

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