This paper presents the development of a non-linear model predictive controller (MPC) for controlling variable speed hydropower (VSHP) plants. The MPC coordinates the turbine controller with the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control of the power electronics converter to optimize the plant's performance. The main objective is to deliver a fast power response to frequency deviations by utilizing the kinetic energy of the turbine and generator. This is made possible by allowing the turbine rotational speed to deviate temporarily from its optimal speed. In addition, the efficiency should be maximized while keeping the electric and hydraulic variables within their constraints. The simulation results show that the proposed MPC is also able to damp power oscillations in the grid, reduce water hammering in the penstock and improve the future estimation of turbine head, turbine power and turbine flow. This ensures that the turbine head does not exceed its limits and that the overshoot in the turbine speed after a disturbance is reduced. Besides, the VSG converter control enables a fast power response by utilizing the rotational energy of the turbine and generator. Thereby, the VSHP can provide a significant amount of fast frequency reserves (FFR) to the grid.
Siting and Sizing of Energy Storage Systems: Towards a Unified Approach for Transmission and Distribution System Operators for Reserve Provision and Grid Support
Robust Reserve Capacity Provision and Peak Load Reduction from Buildings in Smart Grids
TUM CREATE Limited（TUM CREATE有限公司）；Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore (NUS)（新加坡太阳能研究所（SERIS），新加坡国立大学（NUS））；Technical University of Munich (TUM)（慕尼黑工业大学（TUM））；Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校电气工程和计算机科学系）
Fast Frequency Services from HVDC-Connected Offshore Wind Power Plants: A Review in the European Context
Vattenfall Vindkraft A/S（Vattenfall Vindkraft 股份公司）；Vattenfall Winkraft Europe GmbH（Vattenfall Winkraft 欧洲有限公司）；Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学风能系统系）
