通过分析整数拓扑缺陷量化单细胞膜的材料性质
Quantifying material properties of cell monolayers by analyzing integer topological defects
摘要：
在发育中的生物体中，内部细胞过程在组织尺度上产生机械应力。由此产生的变形取决于组织的材料特性，其可以表现出长程取向有序和拓扑缺陷。它仍然是一个挑战，以确定这些属性的时间尺度相关的发展过程。在这里，我们建立在物理学的液晶，以确定材料参数的细胞单层。具体来说，我们使用流体动力学描述的特征可压缩的活性极性流体周围的缺陷的定态。我们说明我们的方法通过分析单层的C2C12细胞在小的圆形限制，在那里他们形成一个单一的拓扑缺陷与整数电荷。我们发现，这样的单层施加压应力的缺陷中心，在局部细胞分化和形成的三维形状观察。
英文摘要：
In developing organisms, internal cellular processes generate mechanical stresses at the tissue scale. The resulting deformations depend on the material properties of the tissue, which can exhibit long-ranged orientational order and topological defects. It remains a challenge to determine these properties on the time scales relevant for developmental processes. Here, we build on the physics of liquid crystals to determine material parameters of cell monolayers. Specifically, we use a hydrodynamic description to characterize the stationary states of compressible active polar fluids around defects. We illustrate our approach by analyzing monolayers of C2C12 cells in small circular confinements, where they form a single topological defect with integer charge. We find that such monolayers exert compressive stresses at the defect centers, where localized cell differentiation and formation of three-dimensional shapes is observed.
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