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arXiv 2006.00433hep-th
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霍金辐射对Schwarzschild黑洞的非平衡反反应

The nonequilibrium back-reaction of Hawking radiation to a Schwarzschild black hole

He Wang, Jin Wang

摘要:

研究了辐射场作用下Schwarzschild黑洞上的非平衡反反应。反反应的特征是靠近黑洞的膜。当膜较薄时,温差越大,负表面张力越显著,热力学耗散代价越大,能量和熵的反作用越大,黑洞面积越大。这可能与早期宇宙中的原始黑洞有关。此外,我们的非平衡模型可以解决平衡情况下零质量极限下黑洞反反应的不一致性问题。在厚膜的情况下,非平衡反反应被发现比在薄膜的情况下更显着。非平衡温差会增加黑洞的能量损失和熵损失,增加黑洞的热力学耗散和膜反反应。与有限温差下黑洞辐射的熵率相比,以熵产生率表征的非平衡耗散代价显得更为显著。这可能揭示了黑洞的信息悖论,由于信息损失的熵产生率在非平衡的情况下。非平衡态热力学涨落也反映了霍金辐射的反作用对黑洞演化的影响。

英文摘要:

We investigate the nonequilibrium back reaction on the Schwarzschild black hole from the radiation field. The back reactions are characterized by the membrane close to the black hole. When the membrane is thin, we found that larger temperature difference can lead to more significant negative surface tension, larger thermodynamic dissipation cost and back reaction in energy and entropy as well as larger black hole area. This may be relevant to the primordial black holes in early universe. Moreover, our nonequilibrium model can resolve the inconsistency issue of the black hole back reaction under zero mass limit in the equilibrium case. In the thick membrane case, the nonequilibrium back reaction is found to be more significant than that in the thin membrane case. The nonequilibrium temperature difference can increase the energy and entropy loss as well as the thermodynamic dissipation of the black hole and the membrane back reactions. The nonequilibrium dissipation cost characterized by the entropy production rate appears to be significant compared to the entropy rate radiated by the black hole under finite temperature difference. This may shed light on the black hole information paradox due to the information loss from the entropy production rate in the nonequilibirum cases. The nonequilibrium thermodynamic fluctuations can also reflect the effects of the back-reactions of the Hawking radiation on the evolution of a black hole.

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