适应性长程相互作用驱动的昆虫群体成对形成
Pair Formation in Insect Swarms Driven by Adaptive Long-Range Interactions
摘要：
在成群的飞行昆虫中，个体的运动在很大程度上与它们的邻居不协调，这与鸟群的高度有序的运动不同。然而，已经观察到，昆虫在群中移动时可以瞬时地形成具有同步相对运动的成对。这种现象的起源仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。特别是，目前还不知道配对是否是一种新的行为过程，或者它是否是典型群集行为的自然副产品。在这里，使用一个“自适应重力”模型，提出昆虫通过长距离重力样的声学吸引力，由总的背景声音调制（通过“自适应”或倍数变化检测），并再现测量功能的真实群，我们表明，对形成确实可以发生没有引入额外的行为规则。在该模型中，当两个昆虫碰巧一起从蜂群中心（背景声音高）向蜂群外围（背景声音低）移动时，配对就会稳健地形成。由于自适应性，当背景声音减小时，对之间的吸引力增加，从而形成束缚态，因为它们的相对动能小于它们的对势能。然而，当这对搭档进入高背景声音的区域时，这个过程就反过来了，这对搭档可能会分手。我们的研究结果表明，配对通常应该出现在具有远程吸引和自适应传感的生物系统中，例如在趋化性驱动的细胞集群期间。
英文摘要：
In swarms of flying insects, the motions of individuals are largely uncoordinated with those of their neighbors, unlike the highly ordered motion of bird flocks. However, it has been observed that insects may transiently form pairs with synchronized relative motion while moving through the swarm. The origin of this phenomenon remains an open question. In particular, it is not known if pairing is a new behavioral process or whether it is a natural byproduct of typical swarming behavior. Here, using an "adaptive-gravity" model that proposes that insects interact via long-range gravity-like acoustic attractions that are modulated by the total background sound (via "adaptivity" or fold-change detection) and that reproduces measured features of real swarms, we show that pair formation can indeed occur without the introduction of additional behavioral rules. In the model, pairs form robustly whenever two insects happen to move together from the center of the swarm (where the background sound is high) toward the swarm periphery (where the background sound is low). Due to adaptivity, the attraction between the pair increases as the background sound decreases, thereby forming a bound state since their relative kinetic energy is smaller than their pair-potential energy. When the pair moves into regions of high background sound, however, the process is reversed and the pair may break up. Our results suggest that pairing should appear generally in biological systems with long-range attraction and adaptive sensing, such as during chemotaxis-driven cellular swarming.
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