移动标记上方蚊群的动态
Dynamics of mosquito swarms over a moving marker
摘要：
昆虫群体是理解集体行为的一个模型系统，群体运动呈现无序状态。为了启动和维持一个群体，飞行昆虫通常使用一种称为标记的视觉外部线索。在蚊子中，了解群集行为及其与标记物的关系具有额外的医学相关性，因为群集通常在野外交配之前，因此构成了拦截以控制蚊子种群的重要阶段。在本文中，我们进行了初步的实验，以表征一群蚊子和标记之间的视觉耦合。建立了一个具有人工照明的实验室微观世界，以刺激斯氏按蚊的持续群集。实验装置用于拍摄蚊子群，立体相机系统作为标记以不同频率来回移动。频率响应的系统辨识分析表明，群体和标记之间的关系可以用反馈回路中的延迟二阶动力学来描述。此外，内部时间延迟的长度似乎与在标记上群集的蚊子的数量相关，这表明这种延迟可能能够捕获群集系统内的社会互动。对于昆虫群，轨迹数据的模型拟合提供了一种方法来数值比较不同物种的群集行为与标记特征。这些初步结果激发了研究线性反馈动力系统作为昆虫群体建模的框架，并为未来的研究奠定了基础。
英文摘要：
Insect swarms are a model system for understanding collective behavior where the collective motion appears in disorder. To initiate and maintain a swarm in place, flying insects often use a visual external cue called a marker. In mosquitoes, understanding the swarming behavior and its relation to the marker has an additional medical relevance since swarming often precedes mating in the wild, thus constituting an important stage to intercept for controlling mosquito population. In this paper, we conduct preliminary experiments to characterize the visual coupling between a swarm of mosquitoes and a marker. A laboratory microcosm with artificial lighting was built to stimulate consistent swarming in the malarial mosquito Anopheles stephensi. The experimental setup was used to film a mosquito swarm with a stereo camera system as a marker was moved back-and-forth with different frequencies. System identification analysis of the frequency response shows that the relationship between the swarm and the marker can be described by delayed second order dynamics in a feedback loop. Further, the length of the internal time delay appears to correlate with the number of mosquitoes swarming on the marker indicating that such a delay may be able capture social interactions within swarming systems. For insect swarms, model fitting of trajectory data provides a way to numerically compare swarming behaviors of different species with respect to marker characteristics. These preliminary results motivate investigating linear dynamic system in feedback as a framework for modeling insect swarms and set the stage for future studies.
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