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arXiv 2005.10925physics.bio-phq-bio.BM
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DNA链置换的首次通过时间研究

First passage time study of DNA strand displacement

D. W. Bo Broadwater,, Alexander W. Cook, Harold D. Kim

摘要:

DNA链置换,其中单链核酸侵入DNA双链体,在基因组过程和DNA工程应用中是普遍的。链置换的动力学已被大量研究;然而,潜在的链交换的动力学被一个缓慢的双分子缔合步骤所混淆。在这里,我们使用一种新的单分子荧光共振能量转移(smFRET)的方法,称为“裂变”试验,以获得单分子链置换的第一次通过时间的完整分布。在4.4 ms的帧时间,第一次通过时间分布为14 nt的位移域表现出几乎单调衰减,几乎没有延迟。在我们测试的8个不同序列中,平均位移时间平均为35 ms,变化高达13倍。所测量的置换动力学在互补入侵者之间以及相同碱基序列的RNA和DNA入侵者之间也不同,除了T $\rightarrow$ U置换。然而,置换时间对0.25 M至1 M范围内的单价盐浓度很大程度上不敏感。使用一维随机游走模型,我们推断单步位移时间在$\sim 30 μs$到$\sim 300 μs$的范围内,这取决于基身份。这里提出的框架是广泛适用于在单分子水平上研究的多步过程的动力学分析。

英文摘要:

DNA strand displacement, where a single-stranded nucleic acid invades a DNA duplex, is pervasive in genomic processes and DNA engineering applications. The kinetics of strand displacement have been studied in bulk; however, the kinetics of the underlying strand exchange were obfuscated by a slow bimolecular association step. Here, we use a novel single-molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) approach termed the "fission" assay to obtain the full distribution of first passage times of unimolecular strand displacement. At a frame time of 4.4 ms, the first passage time distribution for a 14-nt displacement domain exhibited a nearly monotonic decay with little delay. Among the eight different sequences we tested, the mean displacement time was on average 35 ms and varied by up to a factor of 13. The measured displacement kinetics also varied between complementary invaders and between RNA and DNA invaders of the same base sequence except for T$\rightarrow$U substitution. However, displacement times were largely insensitive to the monovalent salt concentration in the range of 0.25 M to 1 M. Using a one-dimensional random walk model, we infer that the single-step displacement time is in the range of $\sim 30 μs$ to $\sim 300 μs$ depending on the base identity. The framework presented here is broadly applicable to the kinetic analysis of multistep processes investigated at the single-molecule level.

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