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arXiv 2005.05581quant-ph
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Clifford体系中成本最优的单量子比特门综合

Cost-optimal single-qubit gate synthesis in the Clifford hierarchy

Gary J. Mooney, Charles D. Hill, Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

摘要:

对于通用量子计算,实际实现要克服的主要挑战是容错量子信息处理所需的大量资源。一个重要的方面是在量子纠错码中实现从逻辑门构建的任意么正算子。一种合成算法可用于通过组装从一小组通用门中选择的逻辑门序列来近似任何幺正门,直到任意精度,所述通用门在以量子纠错码编码时是容错可执行的。然而,目前的程序还不支持单独分配的基本门成本,许多不支持通用基本门的扩展集。我们分析了成本最优的序列,使用基于Dijkstra的寻路算法的标准Clifford+ $T$的基门集的穷举搜索,并将它们与另外包括$Z$ -旋转时的Clifford层次结构的高阶进行比较。使用了两种分配基门成本的方法。首先,通过递归地应用$Z$ -旋转催化剂回路,成本被降低到$T$ -计数。第二,成本被分配为平均数量的原始(即物理水平)魔术状态所需的直接故障和实现门容错。我们发现,当使用$Z$ -旋转催化剂回路方法时,平均序列成本降低高达$54\pm 3\%$,而当使用幻态蒸馏方法时,平均序列成本降低高达$33\pm 2 \%$。此外,我们研究了观察到的限制,某些分配的基础门成本,通过开发一个分析模型来估计的比例套$Z$ -旋转门从更高的顺序的Clifford层次结构中发现的序列近似随机目标门。

英文摘要:

For universal quantum computation, a major challenge to overcome for practical implementation is the large amount of resources required for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. An important aspect is implementing arbitrary unitary operators built from logical gates within the quantum error correction code. A synthesis algorithm can be used to approximate any unitary gate up to arbitrary precision by assembling sequences of logical gates chosen from a small set of universal gates that are fault-tolerantly performable while encoded in a quantum error-correction code. However, current procedures do not yet support individual assignment of base gate costs and many do not support extended sets of universal base gates. We analysed cost-optimal sequences using an exhaustive search based on Dijkstra's pathfinding algorithm for the canonical Clifford+$T$ set of base gates and compared them to when additionally including $Z$-rotations from higher orders of the Clifford hierarchy. Two approaches of assigning base gate costs were used. First, costs were reduced to $T$-counts by recursively applying a $Z$-rotation catalyst circuit. Second, costs were assigned as the average numbers of raw (i.e. physical level) magic states required to directly distil and implement the gates fault-tolerantly. We found that the average sequence cost decreases by up to $54\pm 3\%$ when using the $Z$-rotation catalyst circuit approach and by up to $33\pm 2 \%$ when using the magic state distillation approach. In addition, we investigated observed limitations of certain assignments of base gate costs by developing an analytic model to estimate the proportion of sets of $Z$-rotation gates from higher orders of the Clifford hierarchy that are found within sequences approximating random target gates.

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