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arXiv 2005.05225eess.SYcs.SY
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基于实时迭代NMPC的强化学习

Reinforcement Learning Based on Real-Time Iteration NMPC

Mario Zanon, Vyacheslav Kungurtsev, Sébastien Gros

摘要:

强化学习(RL)已被证明具有惊人的能力,可以在没有任何先验知识的情况下从数据中学习最优策略。RL的主要缺点是通常很难保证稳定性和安全性。另一方面,非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)是一种先进的基于模型的控制技术,它确实保证了安全性和稳定性,但仅对标称模型产生最优性。因此,最近有人提出使用NMPC作为RL内的函数逼近器。虽然这种方法产生良好性能的能力已经得到证明,但阻碍其适用性的主要缺点与NMPC的计算负担有关,必须解决完全收敛问题。然而,在实践中,为了在非常短的时间内返回近似的NMPC解,部署了诸如实时迭代(RTI)方案的计算高效的算法。在本文中,我们通过扩展现有的理论框架来弥补这一差距,以涵盖基于RTI NMPC的RL。我们证明了这种新的RL方法的有效性与非平凡的例子建模一个具有挑战性的非线性系统随机扰动的目标是优化经济成本。

英文摘要:

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven a stunning ability to learn optimal policies from data without any prior knowledge on the process. The main drawback of RL is that it is typically very difficult to guarantee stability and safety. On the other hand, Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) is an advanced model-based control technique which does guarantee safety and stability, but only yields optimality for the nominal model. Therefore, it has been recently proposed to use NMPC as a function approximator within RL. While the ability of this approach to yield good performance has been demonstrated, the main drawback hindering its applicability is related to the computational burden of NMPC, which has to be solved to full convergence. In practice, however, computationally efficient algorithms such as the Real-Time Iteration (RTI) scheme are deployed in order to return an approximate NMPC solution in very short time. In this paper we bridge this gap by extending the existing theoretical framework to also cover RL based on RTI NMPC. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this new RL approach with a nontrivial example modeling a challenging nonlinear system subject to stochastic perturbations with the objective of optimizing an economic cost.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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