绿色氢的最佳供应链和电力部门效益
Optimal supply chains and power sector benefits of green hydrogen
摘要：
绿色氢可以帮助部分交通部门脱碳，但其与电力部门的相互作用还不清楚。如果生产在时间上足够灵活，这可能有助于整合各种可再生能源。使用电力部门的开源协同优化模型和在德国加油站供应氢气的四种选择，我们发现能源效率和时间灵活性之间的权衡：对于可再生能源和氢气的份额较低，更节能和灵活性较低的小规模现场电解是最佳的。对于可再生能源和/或氢气的更高份额，更灵活但能效较低的大型氢气供应链变得重要，因为它们允许通过储存将氢气生产与需求分开。液态氢特别有利，其次是液态有机氢载体和气态氢。大规模的氢供应链可以为电力部门带来巨大的好处，主要是通过减少可再生剩余发电量。能源建模者和系统规划者在评估绿色氢在未来能源转型情景中的作用时，应更详细地考虑氢供应链的独特灵活性特征。
英文摘要：
Green hydrogen can help to decarbonize parts of the transportation sector, but its power sector interactions are not well understood. It may contribute to integrating variable renewable energy sources if production is sufficiently flexible in time. Using an open-source co-optimization model of the power sector and four options for supplying hydrogen at German filling stations, we find a trade-off between energy efficiency and temporal flexibility: for lower shares of renewables and hydrogen, more energy-efficient and less flexible small-scale on-site electrolysis is optimal. For higher shares of renewables and/or hydrogen, more flexible but less energy-efficient large-scale hydrogen supply chains gain importance as they allow disentangling hydrogen production from demand via storage. Liquid hydrogen emerges as particularly beneficial, followed by liquid organic hydrogen carriers and gaseous hydrogen. Large-scale hydrogen supply chains can deliver substantial power sector benefits, mainly through reduced renewable surplus generation. Energy modelers and system planners should consider the distinct flexibility characteristics of hydrogen supply chains in more detail when assessing the role of green hydrogen in future energy transition scenarios.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
