We investigate the different notions of solutions to the double-phase equation $$ -\dive(|Du|^{p-2}Du+a(x)|Du|^{q-2}Du)=0, $$ which is characterized by the fact that both ellipticity and growth switch between two different types of polynomial according to the position. We introduce the $\mathcal{A}_{H(\cdot)}$-harmonic functions of nonlinear potential theory, and then show that $\mathcal{A}_{H(\cdot)}$-harmonic functions coincide with the distributional and viscosity solutions, respectively. This implies that the distributional and viscosity solutions are exactly the same.
We consider an initial-boundary value problem for the time-fractional diffusion equation. We prove the equivalence of two notions of weak solutions, viscosity solutions and distributional solutions.
There are two useful ways to extend nonlinear partial differential inequalities of second order: one uses viscosity theory and the other uses the theory of distributions. This paper considers the convex situation where both extensions can be applied. The main result is that under a natural "second-order completeness" hypothesis, the two sets of extensions are isomorphic, in a sense that is made precise.
We establish the equivalence between the notions of weak and viscosity solutions for non-homogeneous equations whose main operator is the fractional p-Laplacian and the lower order term depends on $x$, $u$ and $D_s^p u$, being the last one a type of fractional derivative.
We study the relationship of viscosity and weak solutions to the equation \[ \smash{\partial_{t}u-Δ_{p}u=f(Du)} \] where $p>1$ and $f\in C(\mathbb{R}^{N})$ satisfies suitable assumptions. Our main result is that bounded viscosity supersolutions coincide with bounded lower semicontinuous weak supersolutions. Moreover, we prove the lower semicontinuity of weak supersolutions when $p\geq2$.
We show that viscosity solutions to the normalized $p(x)$-Laplace equation coincide with distributional weak solutions to the strong $p(x)$-Laplace equation when $p$ is Lipschitz and $\inf p>1$. This yields $C^{1,α}$ regularity for the viscosity solutions of the normalized $p(x)$-Laplace equation. As an additional application, we prove a Radó-type removability theorem.
We present a new proof for the equivalence of potential theoretic weak solutions and viscosity solutions to the $\texttt{p}(\cdot)$-Laplace equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The proof of the equivalence in the variable exponent case in Euclidean space was first given by Juutinen, Lukkari, and Parviainen (2010) and extended the equivalence of potential theoretic weak solutions and viscosity solutions to the $\texttt{p}$-Laplace equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$, given by Juutinen, Lindqvist, and Manfredi (2001). In both the fixed exponent case and the variable exponent case, the main argument is based on th…
We consider different notions of solutions to the $p(x)$-Laplace equation $-÷(\abs{Du(x)}^{p(x)-2}Du(x))=0$ with $ 1<p(x)<\infty$. We show by proving a comparison principle that viscosity supersolutions and $p(x)$-superharmonic functions of nonlinear potential theory coincide. This implies that weak and viscosity solutions are the same class of functions, and that viscosity solutions to Dirichlet problems are unique. As an application, we prove a Radó type removability theorem.
We establish the equivalence between weak and viscosity solutions to the nonhomogeneous double phase equation with lower-order term $$ -{\rm div}(|Du|^{p-2}Du+a(x)|Du|^{q-2}Du)=f(x,u,Du),\quad 1<p\le q<\infty, a(x)\ge0. $$ We find some appropriate hypotheses on the coefficient $a(x)$, the exponents $p, q$ and the nonlinear term $f$ to show that the viscosity solutions with {\em a priori} Lipschitz continuity are weak solutions of such equation by virtue of the $\inf$($\sup$)-convolution techniques. The reverse implication can be concluded through comparison principles. Moreover, we verify that…
In this paper, we give a new proof for the fact that the distributional weak solutions and the viscosity solutions of the $p$-Laplace equation $-\diver(\abs{Du}^{p-2}Du)=0$ coincide. Our proof is more direct and transparent than the original one by Juutinen, Lindqvist and Manfredi \cite{jlm}, which relied on the full uniqueness machinery of the theory of viscosity solutions. We establish a similar result also for the solutions of the non-homogeneous version of the $p$-Laplace equation.
We establish the equivalence between weak and viscosity solutions for non-homogeneous $p(x)$-Laplace equations with a right-hand side term depending on the spatial variable, the unknown, and its gradient. We employ inf- and sup-convolution techniques to state that viscosity solutions are also weak solutions, and comparison principles to prove the converse. The new aspects of the $p(x)$-Laplacian compared to the constant case are the presence of $\log$-terms and the lack of the invariance under translations.
We study radial viscosity solutions to the equation \[ -\ |Du\ |^{q-2}Δ_{p}^{N}u=f(\ |x\ |)\quad\text{in }B_{R}\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}, \] where $f\in C[0,R)$, $p,q\in(1,\infty)$ and $N\geq2$. Our main result is that $u(x)=v(\ |x\ |)$ is a bounded viscosity supersolution if and only if $v$ is a bounded weak supersolution to $-κΔ_{q}^{d}v=f$ in $(0,R)$, where $κ>0$ and $Δ_{q}^{d}$ is heuristically speaking the radial $q$-Laplacian in a fictitious dimension $d$. As a corollary we obtain the uniqueness of radial viscosity solutions. However, the full uniqueness of solutions remains an open problem.
In this paper we prove the equivalence between some known notions of solutions to the eikonal equation and more general analogs of the Hamilton-Jacobi equations in complete and rectifiably connected metric spaces. The notions considered are that of curve-based viscosity solutions, slope-based viscosity solutions, and Monge solutions. By using the induced intrinsic (path) metric, we reduce the metric space to a length space and show the equivalence of these solutions to the associated Dirichlet boundary problem. Without utilizing the boundary data, we also localize our argument and directly pro…
The equivalence of three different definitions of viscosity solutions for the integro-differential equation with the L{é}vy operator is shown in this paper. The key is Lemma 2.1, in which we construct a sequence of the approximating test functions.
In this paper, we consider non-homogeneous fractional equations in Orlicz spaces, with a source depending on the spatial variable, the unknown function, and its fractional gradient. The latter is adapted to the Orlicz framework. The main contribution of the article is to establish the equivalence between weak and viscosity solutions for such equations.
We prove interior $C^{1,α}$-regularity for solutions \[ - Λ\leq F(D^2 u) \leq Λ\] where $Λ$ is a constant and $F$ is fully nonlinear, 1-homogeneous, uniformly elliptic. The proof is based on a reduction to the homogeneous equation $F(D^2u) = 0$ by a blow-up argument -- i.e. just like what is done in the case of viscosity solutions $F(D^2 u) = f$ for $f \in L^\infty$. However it was not clear to us that the above inequality implies $F(D^2 u) = f$ for some bounded $f$ (as would be the case for linear equations in distributional sense by approximation). Nor were we able to find the literature on …
The mixed boundary value problem for a compressible Stokes system of partial differential equations in a bounded domain is reduced to two different systems of segregated direct Boundary Integral Equations (BDIEs) expressed in terms of surface and volume parametrix-based potential type operators. Equivalence of the BDIE systems to the mixed BVP and invertibility of the matrix operators associated with the BDIE systems are proved in appropriate Sobolev spaces.
Three definitions of viscosity solutions for Hamilton-Jacobi equations on networks recently appeared in literature ([1,4,6]). Being motivated by various applications, they appear to be considerably different. Aim of this note is to establish their equivalence.
In this paper, we study different notions of solutions of nonlocal and nonlinear equations of fractional $p$-Laplace type $${\rm P.V.} \int_{\mathbb R^n}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^{p-2}(u(x)-u(y))}{|x-y|^{n+sp}}\,dy = 0.$$ Solutions are defined via integration by parts with test functions, as viscosity solutions or via comparison. Our main result states that for bounded solutions, the three different notions coincide.
In this paper we define the continuous Level Lines Shortening evolution of a two-dimensional image as the Curve Shortening operator acting simultaneously and independently on all the level lines of the initial data, and show that it computes a viscosity solution for the mean curvature motion. This provides an exact analytical framework for its numerical implementation, which runs online on any image at http://www.ipol.im/. Analogous results hold for its affine variant version, the Level Lines Affine Shortening.
The Dirichlet problem for complex Monge-Ampére equations with continuous data is considered. In particular, a notion of viscosity solutions is introduced; a comparison principle and a solvability theorem are proved; the equivalence between viscosity and pluripotential solutions is established; and an ABP-type of $L^{\infty}$-estimate is achieved.
We explore the relationship between recursive distributional equations and convergence results for finite difference schemes of parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). We focus on a family of random processes called symmetric cooperative motions, which generalize the symmetric simple random walk and the symmetric hipster random walk introduced in [Addario-Berry, Cairns, Devroye, Kerriou and Mitchell, arXiv:1909.07367]. We obtain a distributional convergence result for symmetric cooperative motions and, along the way, obtain a novel proof of the Bernoulli central limit theorem. In addi…
In this paper, we study the existence of distributional solutions of the following non-local elliptic problem \begin{eqnarray*} \left\lbrace \begin{array}{l} (-Δ)^{s}u + |\nabla u|^{p} =f \quad\text{ in } Ω \qquad \qquad \qquad \,\,\, u=0 \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^{N}\setminus Ω, \quad s \in (1/2, 1). \end{array} \right. \end{eqnarray*} We are interested in the relation between the regularity of the source term $f$, and the regularity of the corresponding solution. If $p<2s$, that is the natural growth, we are able to show the existence for all $f\in L^1(Ø)$. In the subcritical case…
We prove that in arbitrary Carnot groups $\mathbb G$ of step 2, with a splitting $\mathbb G=\mathbb W\cdot\mathbb L$ with $\mathbb L$ one-dimensional, the graph of a continuous function $φ\colon U\subseteq \mathbb W\to \mathbb L$ is $C^1_{\mathrm{H}}$-regular precisely when $φ$ satisfies, in the distributional sense, a Burgers' type system $D^φφ=ω$, with a continuous $ω$. We stress that this equivalence does not hold already in the easiest step-3 Carnot group, namely the Engel group. As a tool for the proof we show that a continuous distributional solution $φ$ to a Burgers' type system $D^φφ=ω…
The main purpose of this paper is to study the global propagation of singularities of viscosity solution to discounted Hamilton-Jacobi equation \begin{equation}\label{eq:discount 1}\tag{HJ$_λ$} λv(x)+H( x, Dv(x) )=0 , \quad x\in \mathbb{R}^n. \end{equation} We reduce the problem for equation \eqref{eq:discount 1} into that for a time-dependent evolutionary Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We proved that the singularities of the viscosity solution of \eqref{eq:discount 1} propagate along locally Lipschitz singular characteristics which can extend to $+\infty$. We also obtained the homotopy equivalence…
Mean value formulas are of great importance in the theory of partial differential equations: many very useful results are drawn, for instance, from the well known equivalence between harmonic functions and mean value properties. In the nonlocal setting of fractional harmonic functions, such an equivalence still holds, and many applications are now-days available. The nonlinear case, corresponding to the $p$-Laplace operator, has also been recently investigated, whereas the validity of a nonlocal, nonlinear, counterpart remains an open problem. In this paper, we propose a formula for the \emph{…
Viscosity and minimax solutions for path-dependent Hamilton-Jacobi equations in infinite dimensions and related differential games
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；N.N. Krasovskii Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院乌拉尔分校 N.N.克拉索夫斯基数学力学研究所）；Ural Federal University（乌拉尔联邦大学）；University of Central Florida（中佛罗里达大学）
The second-grade fluid equations are a model for viscoelastic fluids, with two parameters: $α> 0$, corresponding to the elastic response, and $ν> 0$, corresponding to viscosity. Formally setting these parameters to $0$ reduces the equations to the incompressible Euler equations of ideal fluid flow. In this article we study the limits $α, ν\to 0$ of solutions of the second-grade fluid system, in a smooth, bounded, two-dimensional domain with no-slip boundary conditions. This class of problems interpolates between the Euler-$α$ model ($ν= 0$), for which the authors recently proved convergence to…
We address the problem of deterministic sequential estimation for a nonsmooth dynamics in R governed by a variational inequality, as illustrated by the Skorokhod problem with a reflective boundary condition at 0. For smooth dynamics, Mortensen introduced an energy for the likelihood that the state variable produces-up to perturbations disturbances-a given observation in a finite time interval, while reaching a given target state at the final time. The Mortensen observer is the minimiser of this energy. For dynamics given by a variational inequality and therefore not reversible in time, we stud…
