The study of sending and receiving secret messages is called cryptography. Generally, senders and receivers are unaware about the process of encryption and decryption. Hence, encryption plays an important role in data communication and data security. The meaning of encryption is not only to keep data confidential from unwanted access but also ensuring the data integrity through available way. As the capacity of breaking the security is increasing rapidly, so, the process that hides information is one of the most concerned topics. Advanced Encryption Standard is a popular, widely used and efficient encryption algorithm, which has been used since it was invented. This paper focuses on the AES key generation process and Substitution box. It modifies the conventional key generation technique and builds the dynamic 3-Dimensional S-box of Advance Encryption Standard. The proposed approach suggests 3-Dimensioanl Key Generation Matrix and S-box. As per shown this novel technique increases the amount of time it needs during encryption and decryption. The experimental result shows that it also enhances the strength of AES algorithm. The proposed approach illustrates the theoretical analysis and corresponding experimented results.
Internet of Things is an ecosystem of interconnected devices that are accessible through the internet. The recent research focuses on adding more smartness and intelligence to these edge devices. This makes them susceptible to various kinds of security threats. These edge devices rely on cryptographic techniques to encrypt the pre-processed data collected from the sensors deployed in the field. In this regard, block cipher has been one of the most reliable options through which data security is accomplished. The strength of block encryption algorithms against different attacks is dependent on …
Substitution Box or S-Box had been generated using 4-bit Boolean Functions (BFs) for Encryption and Decryption Algorithm of Lucifer and Data Encryption Standard (DES) in late sixties and late seventies respectively. The S-box of Advance Encryption Standard have also been generated using Irreducible Polynomials over Galois field GF(2^8) adding an additive constant in early twenty first century. In this paper Substitution Boxes have been generated from Irreducible or Reducible Polynomials over Galois field GF(p^q). Binary Galois fields have been used to generate Substitution Boxes. Since the Gal…
Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Dynamic S-Box Generation
Tikrit University（提克里特大学）；University of Technology-Iraq（伊拉克理工大学）；Middle Technical University（中东技术大学）；University of Tabriz（大不里士大学）；Ural Federal University（乌拉尔联邦大学）
Security is one of the main issues in Internet of Things (IoT). Encryption plays a curtail role in making these systems secure. Substitution Box (S-Box) has an effective impact in block encryption methods. Due to the restricted resource capacities of IoT nodes, providing a lightweight S-Box is a challenging problem. This paper presents a key-dependent S-Box using Hyperelliptic curve. The proposed S-Box is analytically evaluated using performance criteria including bijection, nonlinearity, strict avalanche effect, and algebraic degree. The evaluation results endorse that the offered S-Box produ…
The main objective of the paper is to study and develop an efficient method for Hard Disk Drive(HDD) Security using Full Disk Encryption (FDE) with Advanced Encryption Standards(AES) for data security specifically for Personal Computers(PCS) and Laptops . The focus of this work is to authenticate and protect the content of HDD from illegal use. The paper proposes an adaptive methods for protecting a HDD based on FDE. The proposed method is labeled as DiskTrust. FDE encrypts entire content or a single volume on your disk. DiskTrust implements Symmetric key cryptography with, Advanced Encryption…
With the rapid evolution of data exchange in network environments, information security has been the most important process for data storage and communication. In order to provide such information security, the confidentiality, data integrity, and data origin authentication must be verified based on cryptographic encryption algorithms. This paper presents a new emerging trend of modern symmetric encryption algorithm by development of the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm. The new development focuses on the integration between Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and an enhanced version of…
In the literature on adversarial examples, white box and black box attacks have received the most attention. The adversary is assumed to have either full (white) or no (black) access to the defender's model. In this work, we focus on the equally practical gray box setting, assuming an attacker has partial information. We propose a novel defense that assumes everything but a private key will be made available to the attacker. Our framework uses an image denoising procedure coupled with encryption via a discretized Baker map. Extensive testing against adversarial images (e.g. FGSM, PGD) crafted …
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a symmetric key encryption algorithm which is extensively used in secure electronic data transmission. When introduced, although it was tested and declared as secure, in 2005, a researcher named Bernstein claimed that it is vulnerable to side channel attacks. The cache-based timing attack is the type of side channel attack demonstrated by Bernstein, which uses the timing variation in cache hits and misses. This kind of attacks can be prevented by masking the actual timing information from the attacker. Such masking can be performed by altering the original…
Multimedia information availability has increased dramatically with the advent of mobile devices. but with this availability comes problems of maintaining the security of information that is displayed in public. Many approaches have been used or proposed for providing security for information dissemination over networks, protection system classified with more specific as encryption information, and combination between video compression and encryption to increase information security. The strength of the combination between Video compression and encryption science is due to the nonexistence of …
Position scrambling (permutation) is widely used in multimedia encryption schemes and some international encryption standards, such as the Data Encryption Standard and the Advanced Encryption Standard. In this article, the authors re-evaluate the security of a typical image-scrambling encryption algorithm (ISEA). Using the internal correlation remaining in the cipher image, they disclose important visual information of the corresponding plain image in a ciphertext-only attack scenario. Furthermore, they found that the real scrambling domain--the position-scrambling scope of ISEA's scrambled el…
In this paper, we propose an image encryption algorithm based on the chaos, substitution boxes, nonlinear transformation in Galois field and Latin square. Initially, the dynamic S boxes are generated using Fisher Yates shuffle method and piece wise linear chaotic map. The algorithm utilizes advantages of keyed Latin square and transformation to substitute highly correlated digital images and yield encrypted image with valued performance. The chaotic behavior is achieved using Logistic map which is used to select one of thousand S boxes and also decides the row and column of selected S box. The…
At Crypto'07, Goyal introduced the concept of Accountable Authority Identity-Based Encryption as a convenient tool to reduce the amount of trust in authorities in Identity-Based Encryption. In this model, if the Private Key Generator (PKG) maliciously re-distributes users' decryption keys, it runs the risk of being caught and prosecuted. Goyal proposed two constructions: the first one is efficient but can only trace well-formed decryption keys to their source; the second one allows tracing obfuscated decryption boxes in a model (called weak black-box model) where cheating authorities have no d…
Encryption of data is fundamental to secure communication in the modern world. Beyond encryption of data lies obfuscation, i.e., encryption of functionality. It is well-known that the most powerful means of obfuscating classical programs, so-called ``black-box obfuscation',' is provably impossible [Barak et al '12]. However, several recent results have yielded candidate schemes that satisfy a definition weaker than black-box, and yet still have numerous applications. In this work, we initialize the rigorous study of obfuscating programs via quantum-mechanical means. We define notions of quantu…
The paper gives a polynomial description of the Rijndael Advanced Encryption Standard recently adopted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Special attention is given to the structure of the S-Box.
We propose an image encryption scheme based on quasi-resonant Rossby/drift wave triads (related to elliptic surfaces) and Mordell elliptic curves (MECs). By defining a total order on quasi-resonant triads, at a first stage we construct quasi-resonant triads using auxiliary parameters of elliptic surfaces in order to generate pseudo-random numbers. At a second stage, we employ an MEC to construct a dynamic substitution box (S-box) for the plain image. The generated pseudo-random numbers and S-box are used to provide diffusion and confusion, respectively, in the tested image. We test the propose…
The hurried development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information. In additional, digital document is also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it may face many threats. It became necessary to find an appropriate protection due to the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information. Furthermore, there is no formal method to be followed to discover a hidden data. In this paper, a new information hiding framework is presented.The proposed framework aim is implementation of fr…
In order to protect the security of network data, a high speed chip module for encrypting and decrypting of network data packet is designed. The chip module is oriented for internet information security SOC (System on Chip) design. During the design process, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and 3DES (Data Encryption Standard) encryption algorithm are adopted to protect the security of network data. The following points are focused: (1) The SOC (System on Chip) design methodology based on IP (Intellectual Property) core is used. AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and 3DES (Data Encryption Sta…
FL-DABE-BC: A Privacy-Enhanced, Decentralized Authentication, and Secure Communication for Federated Learning Framework with Decentralized Attribute-Based Encryption and Blockchain for IoT Scenarios
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm is a symmetric block cipher which operates on a sequence of blocks each consists of 128, 192 or 256 bits. Moreover, the cipher key for the AES algorithm is a sequence of 128, 192 or 256 bits. AES algorithm has many sources of parallelism. In this paper, a design of parallel AES on the multiprocessor platform is presented. While most of the previous designs either use pipelined parallelization or take advantage of the Mix_Column parallelization, our design is based on combining pipelining of rounds and parallelization of Mix_Column and Add_Round_…
Symmetric encryption has been a standout amongst the most reliable option by which security is accomplished. In modern block symmetric ciphers, the substitution-boxes have been playing a critical role of nonlinear components that drives the actual security of ciphers. In this paper, the travelling salesman problem and piecewise linear chaotic map are explored to synthesize an efficient configuration of 8x8 substitution-box. The proposed anticipated design has the consistency which is justified by the standard performance indexes. The statistical results manifest that the prospective substituti…
Disk encryption is frequently used to secure confidential data on mobile devices. However, the high energy cost of disk encryption poses a heavy burden on those devices with limited battery capacity especially when a large amount of data needs to be protected by disk encryption. To address the challenge, we develop a new kernel-level disk encryption software, Populus. Almost 98% of Populus's encryption/decryption computation is not related with the input plaintext/ciphertext, so we accomplish the computation in advance during initialization when a consistent power supply is available. We condu…
Due to the advances of sensing and storage technologies, a tremendous amount of data becomes available and, it supports the phenomenal growth of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques especially, deep learning (DL), in various application domains. While the data sources become valuable assets for enabling the success of autonomous decision-making, they also lead to critical vulnerabilities in privacy and security. For example, data leakage can be exploited via querying and eavesdropping in the exploratory phase for black-box attacks against DL-based autonomous decision-making systems. To addr…
This paper puts forward a safe mechanism of data transmission to tackle the security problem of information which is transmitted in Internet. The encryption standards such as DES (Data Encryption Standard), AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and EES (Escrowed Encryption Standard) are widely used to solve the problem of communication over an insecure channel. With advanced technologies in computer hardware and software, these standards seem not to be as secure and fast as one would like. In this paper we propose a encryption technique which provides security to both the message and the secret k…
Secret communication techniques are of great demand since last 3000 years due to the need of information security and confidentiality at various levels of communication such as while communicating confidential personal data, medical data of patients, defence and intelligence information of countries, data related to examinations etc. With advancements in image processing research, Image encryption and Steganographic techniques have gained popularity over other forms of hidden communication techniques during the last few decades and a number of image encryption models are suggested by various r…
Nowadays, the dataflux shared between IOT systems must be secured from 8-bits to 64-bits processors systems. Several symmetric cryptographic algorithm already exist such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), RC4, Blowfish, etc. In this work, we propose an 8-bits encryption algorithm, combining several ideas of standard symmetric encryption algorithms. The aim is to provide a efficient, modular and compact algorithm able to tend to truly random one-time-pad encryption quality even for large data flux. The algorithm combines the implementation of a divergent polynomial with variable coefficient…
The advanced RDH work focuses on both data encryption and image encryption which makes it more secure and free of errors. All previous methods embed data without encrypting the data which may subject to errors on the data extraction or image recovery. The proposed work provides a novel RDH scheme in which both data and image can be encrypted and extracted reversibly without any errors. In the proposed work, data extraction and image recovery are free of any errors. The PSNR is significantly improved in the proposed work. This advanced work also performs data hiding in videos.
Advances in technology has given rise to new computing models where any individual/organization (Cloud Service Consumers here by denoted as CSC's) can outsource their computational intensive tasks on their data to a remote Cloud Service Provider (CSP) for many advantages like lower costs, scalability etc. But such advantages come for a bigger cost "Security and Privacy of data" for this very reason many CSC's are skeptical to move towards cloud computing models. While the advances in cryptography research are promising, there are no practical solutions yet for performing any operations on encr…
With the advancement in technology, digital images can easily be transmitted and stored over the Internet. Encryption is used to avoid illegal interception of digital images. Encrypting large-sized colour images in their original dimension generally results in low encryption/decryption speed along with exerting a burden on the limited bandwidth of the transmission channel. To address the aforementioned issues, a new encryption scheme for colour images employing convolutional autoencoder, DNA and chaos is presented in this paper. The proposed scheme has two main modules, the dimensionality conv…
With the extraordinary maturity of data exchange in network environments and increasing the attackers capabilities, information security has become the most important process for data storage and communication. In order to provide such information security the confidentiality, data integrity, and data origin authentication must be verified based on cryptographic encryption algorithms. This paper presents a development of the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm, which is considered as the most eminent symmetric encryption algorithm. The development focuses on the generation of the inte…
The future generation networks: Internet of things (IoT), in combination with the advanced computer vision techniques poses new challenges for securing videos for end-users. The visual devices generally have constrained resources in respects to their low computation power, small memory with limited power supply. Therefore, to facilitate the video security in smart environment, lightweight security schemes are required instead of inefficient existing traditional cryptography algorithms. This research paper provides the solution to overcome such problems. A novel lightweight cipher algorithm is …
Image steganography is the art of hiding data into images. Secret data such as messages, audio, images can be hidden inside the cover image. This is mainly achieved by hiding the data into the LSB(Least Significant Bit) of the image pixels. To improve the security of steganography, this paper studied data encryption with AES(Advanced Encryption Standard) and LSB based data hiding technique with advanced user-defined encrypted data distribution in pixels other than the common linear computational method of storing data in a linear form. This data distribution file will contain the location of t…
Privacy has gained a growing interest nowadays due to the increasing and unmanageable amount of produced confidential data. Concerns about the possibility of sharing data with third parties, to gain fruitful insights, beset enterprise environments; value not only resides in data but also in the intellectual property of algorithms and models that offer analysis results. This impasse locks both the availability of high-performance computing resources in the "as-a-service" paradigm and the exchange of knowledge with the scientific community in a collaborative view. Privacy-preserving data science…
The COVID-19 pandemic serves as a grim reminder of the unexpected nature of these outbreaks and gives rise to a unique set of research challenges in a variety of fields. As people all over the world adjust to this new 'normal', with most workplaces, from companies to educational institutions shifting online, enormous surges in the transmission of images and videos have been observed, creating record-breaking stresses on the internet backbone. At the same time, maintaining the privacy and security of the users' data is of immense importance, this is where fast and efficient image encryption alg…
Outsourcing data storage to the remote cloud can be an economical solution to enhance data management in the smart grid ecosystem. To protect the privacy of data, the utility company may choose to encrypt the data before uploading them to the cloud. However, while encryption provides confidentiality to data, it also sacrifices the data owners' ability to query a special segment in their data. Searchable symmetric encryption is a technology that enables users to store documents in ciphertext form while keeping the functionality to search keywords in the documents. However, most state-of-the-art…
In this paper, we introduce a symmetric-key Latin square image cipher (LSIC) for grayscale and color images. Our contributions to the image encryption community include 1) we develop new Latin square image encryption primitives including Latin Square Whitening, Latin Square S-box and Latin Square P-box ; 2) we provide a new way of integrating probabilistic encryption in image encryption by embedding random noise in the least significant image bit-plane; and 3) we construct LSIC with these Latin square image encryption primitives all on one keyed Latin square in a new loom-like substitution-per…
Security is a key problem for the transmission, interchange and storage process of multimedia systems and applications. In 2018, M. Li et al. proposed in-depth security analysis on an image encryption algorithm based on a first-order time-delay system (IEATD) and gave a specific chosen-plaintext attack on it. Moreover, an enhanced version called as IEACD was designed to fix the reported security defects. This paper analyzes the essential structures of the two algorithms and evaluates their real security performances: 1) no efficient nonlinear operations are adopted to assure the sensibility of…
As the Internet of Things (IoT) emerges over the next decade, developing secure communication for IoT devices is of paramount importance. Achieving end-to-end encryption for large-scale IoT systems, like smart buildings or smart cities, is challenging because multiple principals typically interact indirectly via intermediaries, meaning that the recipient of a message is not known in advance. This paper proposes JEDI (Joining Encryption and Delegation for IoT), a many-to-many end-to-end encryption protocol for IoT. JEDI encrypts and signs messages end-to-end, while conforming to the decoupled c…
This paper presents modifications of the Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange method. The presented modifications provide better security than other key exchange methods. We are going to present a dynamic security that simultaneously realizes all the three functions with a high efficiency and then give a security analysis. It also presents secure and dynamic key exchange method. Signature, encryption and key exchange are some of the most important and foundational Crypto-graphical tools. In most cases, they are all needed to provide different secure functions. On the other hand, there are also som…
Subscription privacy of a user has been a historical concern with all the previous generation mobile networks, namely, GSM, UMTS,and LTE. While a little improvement have been achieved in securing the privacy of the long-term identity of a subscriber, the so called IMSI catchers are still in existence even in the LTE and advanced LTE networks. Proposals have been published to tackle this problem in 5G based on pseudonyms, and different public-key technologies. This paper looks into the problem of concealing long-term identity of a subscriber and presents a technique based on identity based encr…
