采用Melbourne $g$ -矩阵折叠法研究了$p+{}^6\textrm{He}$、$p+{}^8\textrm{He}$和$α+{}^8\textrm{He}$反应的弹性和非弹性截面，并利用反对称分子动力学（AMD）微观结构模型得到了${}^6\textrm{He}$和${}^8\textrm{He}$的理论密度.利用微观耦合通道（MCC）方法对$p+{}^6\textrm{He}$和$p+{}^8\textrm{He}$反应进行了计算，研究了${}^6\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$和${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$态的跃迁性质. MCC+AMD的计算再现弹性截面的$p+{}^6\textrm{He}$反应在$E=40.9$ MeV/A和$p+{}^8\textrm{He}$反应在$E=32.5$和72 MeV/A，这两个已被测量的逆运动学实验。对于$p+{}^6\textrm{He}$到$2^+_1$态的非弹性散射，计算结果与$E=24.5$和40.9 MeV/A的$(p,p')$数据符合较好，支持了中子跃迁矩阵元$M_n=7.9$ fm $^2$的AMD预测.对于$p+{}^8\textrm{He}$对${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$的非弹性散射，MCC+AMD计算超过了$E=72$ MeV/A处的$(p,p')$截面三倍。根据唯象模型分析，在4- 6 fm $^2$范围内的$M_n$值有利于再现在$E=72$ MeV/A下$p+{}^8\textrm{He}$反应的${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$截面。对于$α+{}^8\textrm{He}$反应，MCC+AMD计算再现了$E=26$ MeV/A下的弹性截面。给出了（$p,p'$）和（$α,α'$）到${}^8\textrm{He}(0^+_2)$，${}^8\textrm{He}(1^-_1)$，${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_3)$和${}^8\textrm{He}(3^-_1)$态的截面的理论预言.
英文摘要：
Elastic and inelastic cross sections of the $p+{}^6\textrm{He}$, $p+{}^8\textrm{He}$, and $α+{}^8\textrm{He}$ reactions were investigated using the Melbourne $g$-matrix folding approach with the theoretical densities of ${}^6\textrm{He}$ and ${}^8\textrm{He}$ obtained by a microscopic structure model of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD). Microscopic coupled-channel (MCC) calculations of the $p+{}^6\textrm{He}$ and $p+{}^8\textrm{He}$ reactions were performed to investigate transition properties of the ${}^6\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$ and ${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$ states. The MCC+AMD calculations reproduced elastic cross sections of the $p+{}^6\textrm{He}$ reaction at $E=40.9$ MeV/A and of the $p+{}^8\textrm{He}$ reaction at $E=32.5$ and 72 MeV/A, which have both been measured by inverse kinematics experiments. For $p+{}^6\textrm{He}$ inelastic scattering to the $2^+_1$ state, the calculated result was in reasonable agreement with the $(p,p')$ data at $E=24.5$ and 40.9 MeV/A and supported the AMD prediction of the neutron transition matrix element $M_n=7.9$ fm$^2$. For the $p+{}^8\textrm{He}$ inelastic scattering to ${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$, the MCC+AMD calculation overshot the $(p,p')$ cross sections at $E=72$ MeV/A by a factor of three. According to a phenomenological model analysis, $M_n$ values in the range of 4--6 fm$^2$ were favored to reproduce the ${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_1)$ cross sections of the $p+{}^8\textrm{He}$ reaction at $E=72$ MeV/A. For the $α+{}^8\textrm{He}$ reaction, the MCC+AMD calculation reproduced the elastic cross sections at $E=26$ MeV/A. Theoretical predictions of the ($p,p'$) and ($α,α'$) cross sections to the ${}^8\textrm{He}(0^+_2)$, ${}^8\textrm{He}(1^-_1)$, ${}^8\textrm{He}(2^+_3)$ and ${}^8\textrm{He}(3^-_1)$ states are also given.
Proton inelastic diffraction by a black nucleus and the size of excited nuclei
我们系统地推导出一个长度尺度表征的大小的一个低洼，β稳定的原子核的衍射峰角度的经验数据在质子非弹性微分截面的入射能量为\sim 1 GeV。在这样做时，我们假设处于基态的目标核是一个半径为a的完全吸收的“黑”球。已知横截面π a ^2与入射质子的经验总反应截面一致，且在误差条内，其中a是以再现弹性通道中经验质子衍射峰角的方式确定的。通过将夫琅和费近似下得到的非弹性衍射图样与实验图样相比较，同样可以导出自旋为l的激发态的黑球半径a_l。我们发现，对于^{12}C，^{58，60，62，64}Ni和^{208}Pb，由非弹性通道得到的a_l值一般大于由弹性通道得到的a值，并有随激发能增大而增大的趋势。这种增长对霍伊尔州来说是显着的。最后讨论了a_l与激发核尺寸的关系。
Dark Matter Inelastic Scattering with Nuclei for Direct Detection
State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院、暗物质物理国家重点实验室、李政道研究所）；Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (MOE) & Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学粒子天体物理与宇宙学教育部重点实验室、上海粒子物理与宇宙学重点实验室）；School of Physics, Beihang University（北京航空航天大学物理学院）
