arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2004.13963stat.MEstat.AP
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降低变点模型系数估计量方差的最优研究设计

Optimal Study Design for Reducing Variances of Coefficient Estimators in Change-Point Models

Li Xing, Xuekui Zhang, Ardo van den Hout, Scott Hofer, Graciela Muniz Terrera

摘要:

在纵向研究中,我们观察在不同时间点对相同变量的测量,以跟踪其模式随时间的变化。在这类研究中,数据收集波的时间安排(即参与者访问的时间)通常是预先确定的,以便于项目管理和合规。因此,通常将这些访问安排在等间隔的时间间隔。然而,最近的出版物的基础上模拟实验表明,研究的力量和模型参数估计的精度与参与者的访问计划。在本文中,我们考虑了纵向研究,调查疾病结果的变化模式(例如,老年人的认知能力加速下降)。这类研究通常采用断棒模型进行分析,该模型由两段线性模型组成,在一个未知的变点处连接。我们将这个设计问题转化为一个高维优化问题,并推导出其解析解。基于这个解决方案,我们提出了一个最佳设计的访问计划,最大限度地提高功率(即减少方差的估计),以确定发病的加速下降。使用模拟研究和来自真实数据的证据,我们证明了我们的最优设计优于标准的等间距设计。应用我们的新设计来规划纵向研究,研究人员可以在不收集额外数据的情况下提高检测模式变化的能力。

英文摘要:

In longitudinal studies, we observe measurements of the same variables at different time points to track the changes in their pattern over time. In such studies, scheduling of the data collection waves (i.e. time of participants' visits) is often pre-determined to accommodate ease of project management and compliance. Hence, it is common to schedule those visits at equally spaced time intervals. However, recent publications based on simulated experiments indicate that the power of studies and the precision of model parameter estimators is related to the participants' visiting schemes. In this paper, we consider the longitudinal studies that investigate the changing pattern of a disease outcome, (e.g. the accelerated cognitive decline of senior adults). Such studies are often analyzed by the broken-stick model, consisting of two segments of linear models connected at an unknown change-point. We formulate this design problem into a high-dimensional optimization problem and derive its analytical solution. Based on this solution, we propose an optimal design of the visiting scheme that maximizes the power (i.e. reduce the variance of estimators) to identify the onset of accelerated decline. Using both simulation studies and evidence from real data, we demonstrate our optimal design outperforms the standard equally-spaced design. Applying our novel design to plan the longitudinal studies, researchers can improve the power of detecting pattern change without collecting extra data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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