An ideal invariant for multiparameter persistence would be discriminative, computable and stable. In this work we analyse the discriminative power of a stable, computable invariant of multiparameter persistence modules: the fibered bar code. The fibered bar code is equivalent to the rank invariant and encodes the bar codes of the 1-parameter submodules of a multiparameter module. This invariant is well known to be globally incomplete. However in this work we show that the fibered bar code is locally complete for finitely presented modules by showing a local equivalence of metrics between the interleaving distance (which is complete on finitely-presented modules) and the matching distance on fibered bar codes. More precisely, we show that: for a finitely-presented multiparameter module $M$ there is a neighbourhood of $M$, in the interleaving distance $d_I$, for which the matching distance, $d_0$, satisfies the following bi-Lipschitz inequalities $\frac{1}{34}d_I(M,N) \leq d_0(M,N) \leq d_I(M,N)$ for all $N$ in this neighbourhood about $M$. As a consequence no other module in this neighbourhood has the same fibered bar code as $M$.
An important problem in the field of Topological Data Analysis is defining topological summaries which can be combined with traditional data analytic tools. In recent work Bubenik introduced the persistence landscape, a stable representation of persistence diagrams amenable to statistical analysis and machine learning tools. In this paper we generalise the persistence landscape to multiparameter persistence modules providing a stable representation of the rank invariant. We show that multiparameter landscapes are stable with respect to the interleaving distance and persistence weighted Wassers…
Technical University of Munich (TUM)（慕尼黑工业大学）；Munich Data Science Institute (MDSI)（慕尼黑数据科学研究所）；Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)（慕尼黑机器学习中心）；Institute of Mathematics, Technical University of Berlin（柏林工业大学数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, SUNY Albany（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校数学系）
Multiparameter persistence is a natural extension of the well-known persistent homology, which has attracted a lot of interest. However, there are major theoretical obstacles preventing the full development of this promising theory. In this paper we consider the interesting special case of multiparameter persistence in zero dimensions which can be regarded as a form of multiparameter clustering. In particular, we consider the multiparameter persistence modules of the zero-dimensional homology of filtered topological spaces when they are finitely generated. Under certain assumptions, we charact…
Persistent homology studies the birth and death of cycles in a parameterized family of spaces. In this paper, we study the birth and death of cycles in a multifiltration of a chain complex with the goal of producing a persistence diagram that satisfies bottleneck stability.
In topological data analysis (TDA), one often studies the shape of data by constructing a filtered topological space, whose structure is then examined using persistent homology. However, a single filtered space often does not adequately capture the structure of interest in the data, and one is led to consider multiparameter persistence, which associates to the data a space equipped with a multiparameter filtration. Multiparameter persistence has become one of the most active areas of research within TDA, with exciting progress on several fronts. In this article, we introduce multiparameter per…
In this paper we explain how to convert discrete invariants into stable ones via what we call hierarchical stabilization. We illustrate this process by constructing stable invariants for multi-parameter persistence modules with respect to the interleaving distance and so called simple noise systems. For one parameter, we recover the standard barcode information. For more than one parameter we prove that the constructed invariants are in general NP-hard to calculate. A consequence is that computing the feature counting function, proposed by Scolamiero et. al. (2016), is NP-hard.
We define a class of multiparameter persistence modules that arise from a one-parameter family of functions on a topological space and prove that these persistence modules are stable. We show that this construction can produce indecomposable persistence modules with arbitrarily large dimension. In the case of smooth functions on a compact manifold, we apply cobordism theory and Cerf theory to study the resulting persistence modules. We give examples in which we obtain a complete description of the persistence module as a direct sum of indecomposable summands and provide a corresponding visuali…
Motivated both by theoretical and practical considerations in topological data analysis, we generalize the $p$-Wasserstein distance on barcodes to multiparameter persistence modules. For each $p\in [1,\infty]$, we in fact introduce two such generalizations $d_{\mathcal I}^p$ and $d_{\mathcal M}^p$, such that $d_{\mathcal I}^\infty$ equals the interleaving distance and $d_{\mathcal M}^\infty$ equals the matching distance. We show that on 1- or 2-parameter persistence modules over prime fields, $d_{\mathcal I}^p$ is the universal (i.e., largest) metric satisfying a natural stability property; th…
University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；BlueLight AI（蓝光大话人工智能）
Multiparameter persistent homology has been largely neglected as an input to machine learning algorithms. We consider the use of lattice-based convolutional neural network layers as a tool for the analysis of features arising from multiparameter persistence modules. We find that these show promise as an alternative to convolutions for the classification of multidimensional persistence modules.
The classical persistence algorithm computes the unique decomposition of a persistence module implicitly given by an input simplicial filtration. Based on matrix reduction, this algorithm is a cornerstone of the emergent area of topological data analysis. Its input is a simplicial filtration defined over the integers $\mathbb{Z}$ giving rise to a $1$-parameter persistence module. It has been recognized that multiparameter version of persistence modules given by simplicial filtrations over $d$-dimensional integer grids $\mathbb{Z}^d$ is equally or perhaps more important in data science applicat…
A theory of modules over posets is developed to define computationally feasible, topologically interpretable data structures, in terms of birth and death of homology classes, for persistent homology with multiple real parameters. To replace the noetherian hypothesis in the general setting of modules over posets, a "finitely encoded" condition is defined combinatorially and developed algebraically. It captures topological tameness of persistent homology. Poset-modules satisfying it can be specified by "fringe presentations" that reflect birth-and-death descriptions of persistence. A syzygy theo…
This short note establishes explicit and broadly applicable relationships between persistence-based distances computed locally and globally. In particular, we show that the bottleneck distance between two zigzag persistence modules restricted to an interval is always bounded above by the distance between the unrestricted versions. While this result is not surprising, it could have different practical implications. We give two related applications for metric graph distances, as well as an extension for the matching distance between multiparameter persistence modules.
It has been shown that $1$-parameter persistence modules have a very simple classification, namely there is a discrete invariant called a barcode that completely characterizes $1$-parameter persistence modules up to isomorphism. In contrast, Carlsson and Zomorodian showed that $n$-parameter persistence modules have no such "nice" classification when $n>1$; every discrete invariant is incomplete. Despite their incompleteness, discrete invariants can still provide insight into the properties of multiparameter persistence modules. A well-studied discrete invariant for $2$-parameter persistence mo…
In this paper we study functions on the interval that have the same persistent homology. By introducing an equivalence relation modeled after topological conjugacy, which we call graph-equivalence, a precise enumeration of functions with the same persistent homology is given, inviting comparisons with Arnold's Calculus of Snakes. The equivalence classes used here are indexed by chiral merge trees, which are binary merge trees where a left-right ordering of the children of each vertex is given. Enumeration of merge trees and chiral merge trees with the same persistence makes essential use of th…
The notion of generalized rank invariant in the context of multiparameter persistence has become an important ingredient for defining interesting homological structures such as generalized persistence diagrams. Naturally, computing these rank invariants efficiently is a prelude to computing any of these derived structures efficiently. We show that the generalized rank over a finite interval $I$ of a $\mathbb{Z}^2$-indexed persistence module $M$ is equal to the generalized rank of the zigzag module that is induced on a certain path in $I$ tracing mostly its boundary. Hence, we can compute the g…
We introduce a new notion of equivalence of discrete Morse functions on graphs called persistence equivalence. Two functions are considered persistence equivalent if and only if they induce the same persistence diagram. We compare this notion of equivalence to other notions of equivalent discrete Morse functions. We then compute an upper bound for the number of persistence equivalent discrete Morse functions on a fixed graph and show that this upper bound is sharp in the case where our graph is a tree. This is a version of the "realization problem" of the persistence map. We conclude with an e…
Complex Matching Distance and Stability for Minimal Projective Resolutions, with Applications to Persistence
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University（静冈大学理学部数学系）；Osaka Central Advanced Mathematical Institute（大阪中央高级数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University（科罗拉多州立大学数学系）
We study distances on zigzag persistence modules from the viewpoint of derived categories and Auslander--Reiten quivers. The derived category of ordinary persistence modules is derived equivalent to that of arbitrary zigzag persistence modules, depending on a classical tilting module. Through this derived equivalence, we define and compute distances on the derived category of arbitrary zigzag persistence modules and prove an algebraic stability theorem. We also compare our distance with the distance for purely zigzag persistence modules introduced by Botnan--Lesnick and the sheaf-theoretic con…
We consider different notions of equivalence for Morse functions on the sphere in the context of persistent homology, and introduce new invariants to study these equivalence classes. These new invariants are as simple, but more discerning than existing topological invariants, such as persistence barcodes and Reeb graphs. We give a method to relate any two Morse--Smale vector fields on the sphere by a sequence of fundamental moves by considering graph-equivalent Morse functions. We also explore the combinatorially rich world of height-equivalent Morse functions, considered as height functions o…
Invariants of persistence modules defined by order-embeddings
Départment de Mathématiques, Université de Sherbrooke（数学系，舍布鲁克大学）；Bishop’s University（主教大学）；Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University（数学系，北卡罗来纳州立大学）
University at Albany, State University of New York (SUNY)（纽约州立大学奥尔巴尼分校）
Adapting a definition given by Bjerkevik and Lesnick for multiparameter persistence modules, we introduce an $\ell^p$-type extension of the interleaving distance on merge trees. We show that our distance is a metric, and that it upper-bounds the $p$-Wasserstein distance between the associated barcodes. For each $p\in[1,\infty]$, we prove that this distance is stable with respect to cellular sublevel filtrations and that it is the universal (i.e., largest) distance satisfying this stability property. In the $p=\infty$ case, this gives a novel proof of universality for the interleaving distance …
