磁场活动如何改变我们从恒星光谱中了解到的信息
How magnetic activity alters what we learn from stellar spectra
摘要：
磁场和恒星黑子可以改变恒星光谱中吸收线的等效宽度，在活动周期中发生变化。这也影响了我们通过光谱分析获得的信息。在这项研究中，我们分析了在其活动周期的不同阶段观察到的211颗类太阳恒星的高分辨率光谱，以研究恒星活动如何影响恒星参数和化学丰度的光谱测定。我们观察到，线的等效宽度可以增加作为一个函数的活动指数log R $^\prime_{\rm HK}$在恒星周期，这也产生了人为的增长的恒星微湍流和有效温度和金属丰度的下降。这种效应对于活动指数log R $^\prime_{\rm HK}$ $\geq$ $-$ 5.0的恒星是可见的（即，年龄小于4-5 Gyr），并且在较高的活动水平上更显着。这些结果对天体物理学中的几个主题具有根本性的影响，这些主题在本文中讨论，包括恒星核合成，化学标记，银河系化学演化的研究，化学异常恒星，银河系盘的结构，恒星形成速率，拱星盘的光蒸发，和行星狩猎。
英文摘要：
Magnetic fields and stellar spots can alter the equivalent widths of absorption lines in stellar spectra, varying during the activity cycle. This also influences the information that we derive through spectroscopic analysis. In this study we analyse high-resolution spectra of 211 Sun-like stars observed at different phases of their activity cycles, in order to investigate how stellar activity affects the spectroscopic determination of stellar parameters and chemical abundances. We observe that equivalent widths of lines can increase as a function of the activity index log R$^\prime_{\rm HK}$ during the stellar cycle, which also produces an artificial growth of the stellar microturbulence and a decrease in effective temperature and metallicity. This effect is visible for stars with activity indexes log R$^\prime_{\rm HK}$$\geq$$-$5.0 (i.e., younger than 4-5 Gyr) and it is more significant at higher activity levels. These results have fundamental implications on several topics in astrophysics that are discussed in the paper, including stellar nucleosynthesis, chemical tagging, the study of Galactic chemical evolution, chemically anomalous stars, the structure of the Milky Way disk, stellar formation rates, photoevaporation of circumstellar disks, and planet hunting.
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