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arXiv 2004.09516astro-ph.GA
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剑鱼座30的CO暗分子气体质量

The CO-dark molecular gas mass in 30 Doradus

Mélanie Chevance, Suzanne C. Madden, Christian Fischer, William D. Vacca, Vianney Lebouteiller, Dario Fadda, Frédéric Galliano, Remy Indebetouw, J. M. Diederik … 展开作者

Mélanie Chevance, Suzanne C. Madden, Christian Fischer, William D. Vacca, Vianney Lebouteiller, Dario Fadda, Frédéric Galliano, Remy Indebetouw, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Min-Young Lee, Albrecht Poglitsch, Fiorella L. Polles, Diane Cormier, Sacha Hony, Christof Iserlohe, Alfred Krabbe, Margaret Meixner, Elena Sabbi, Hans Zinnecker

摘要:

要确定星系中气体转化为恒星的效率,需要准确地确定分子气体质量的总储量。然而,尽管H $_2$是宇宙中最丰富的分子,但通过直接观察进行检测具有挑战性,必须使用间接方法来估计总分子气藏。这些通常是基于示踪剂(如CO或尘埃)的标度关系,并且通常在银河系中校准。然而,越来越多的证据表明,这些比例关系是环境依赖的。特别地,通常使用的CO至H $_2$转换因子(X $_{\rm CO}$)预期在贫金属和/或强UV照射的环境中更高。我们利用新的SOFIA/FIFI-LS对电离气体和中性气体的远红外精细结构线的观测和Meudon光解区模型来约束大麦云中剑鱼座30大质量恒星形成区气体的物理性质和结构,并确定年轻的大质量星系团R136附近分子气体总储量的空间分辨分布。我们将此值与从地面CO观测和尘埃估计推断的分子气体质量进行比较,以量化这种极端环境对常用分子气体示踪剂的影响。我们发现,强大的辐射场结合周围气体的半太阳金属量是负责一个大水库的“CO-暗”分子气体,留下了很大一部分的总H $_2$气体(> 75%)未检测到时,采用标准的X $_{\rm CO}$因素在这个巨大的恒星形成区域。

英文摘要:

Determining the efficiency with which gas is converted into stars in galaxies requires an accurate determination of the total reservoir of molecular gas mass. However, despite being the most abundant molecule in the Universe, H$_2$ is challenging to detect through direct observations and indirect methods have to be used to estimate the total molecular gas reservoir. These are often based on scaling relations from tracers such as CO or dust, and are generally calibrated in the Milky Way. Yet, evidence that these scaling relations are environmentally dependent is growing. In particular, the commonly used CO-to-H$_2$ conversion factor (X$_{\rm CO}$) is expected to be higher in metal-poor and/or strongly UV-irradiated environments. We use new SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of far-infrared fine structure lines from the ionised and neutral gas and the Meudon photodissociation region model to constrain the physical properties and the structure of the gas in the massive star-forming region of 30 Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and determine the spatially resolved distribution of the total reservoir of molecular gas in the proximity of the young massive cluster R136. We compare this value with the molecular gas mass inferred from ground-based CO observations and dust-based estimates to quantify the impact of this extreme environment on commonly used tracers of the molecular gas. We find that the strong radiation field combined with the half-solar metallicity of the surrounding gas are responsible for a large reservoir of "CO-dark" molecular gas, leaving a large fraction of the total H$_2$ gas (> 75%) undetected when adopting a standard X$_{\rm CO}$ factor in this massive star-forming region.

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