arXiv 2004.071042020-04-15gr-qchep-th

黑洞的经典和量子分析

Analysis of some classical and quantum aspects of black holes

Luciano Gabbanelli

备注：: PhD thesis

摘要：

本论文的目的是从量子水平和观测的角度对黑洞物理的不同方面提供见解。一方面，关于它们的基本构成特征，我们遵循了在黑洞物理学和量子信息之间架起桥梁的想法。在这种方法中，这些物体可以被理解为弱相互作用引力子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体。我们已经研究了这种解决方案的存在性被认为是许多成分的束缚系统，提供良好的建立度量（史瓦西和Reissner-Nordström）。应该指出的是，所有的解决方案，发现可以解释为平均场波函数的凝聚和强烈相关的经典结构的度规，支持他们。另一方面，众所周知，质量极大的物体的加速会在时空本身中产生波动扰动。我们专注于低频范围内，预计将被测量的阵列的天文钟（脉冲星定时阵列）。当波浪经过时，非常稳定的蜱虫受到干扰。然而，主要由宇宙学常数$Λ$组成的动力学背景的存在可能会影响引力波的传播，并将修改PTA上的预期信号。我们研究了相对论性和非相对论性物质组成的不同背景以及宇宙学常数的影响。我们提出了一个详细的表征这种效果，在一阶仅取决于哈勃常数$H_0$（在高阶不同的贡献可以解开）。我们还讨论了如何以及在哪里可以发现这种效应。我们希望我们的研究结果有助于PTA的明确检测。不用说，对$H_0$的独立本地测定将具有巨大的意义。

英文摘要：

The purpose of this thesis is to provide insights into different aspects of black hole physics, both at a quantum level and from an observational point of view. On the one hand, regarding their fundamental constitutive characteristics, we have followed ideas proposing a bridge between black holes physics and quantum information. In this approach, these objects can be understood as Bose-Einstein condensates of weakly interacting gravitons. We have studied the existence of such solutions considered as bound systems of many constituents, providing well established metrics (Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström). It should be noted that all solutions found can be interpreted as mean field wave functions of the condensate and are strongly related to the classical structure of the metric that supports them. On the other hand, it is well known that the acceleration of very massive bodies produces wave-like disturbances in spacetime itself. We focus on the low-frequency range which is expected to be measured by arrays of pulsars employed as galactic clocks (Pulsar Timing Arrays). When waves passes, the very stable ticks are disturbed. However the existence of a dynamical background, mainly composed by a cosmological constant $Λ$, may affect the gravitational wave propagation and would modify the expected signal over the PTA. We have studied the influence of different backgrounds composed by relativistic and non-relativistic matter, together with the cosmological constant. We present a detailed characterization of this effect which at first order depends only on the Hubble constant $H_0$ (at higher orders different contributions can be disentangled). We also discuss how and where this effect can be found. We hope that our results contribute to a definitive detection by PTA. Needless to say, an independent local determination of $H_0$ would be of enormous interest.

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摘要：

英文摘要：

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