arXiv 2501.047392025-01gr-qchep-th

完美流体暗物质背景下黑洞的普适热力学拓扑类

Universal thermodynamic topological classes of black holes in perfect fluid dark matter background

Muhammad Rizwan, Mubasher Jamil, M. Z. A. Moughal

备注：: 10 pages, 11 figures, minor revision, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. C
发表信息：: Eur. Phys. J. C (2025) 85:359
DOI：: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14070-8

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AI总结：

本文研究完美流体暗物质背景下黑洞的普适热力学拓扑类，发现不同黑洞分属四类，揭示热力学普适分类，为量子引力提供洞见。

摘要：

本文研究了完美流体暗物质（PFDM）背景下的一族黑洞的普适热力学拓扑类。近期关于黑洞热力学的研究表明，所有黑洞都可以分为四个普适热力学类，记为$W^{1-}$、$W^{0+}$、$W^{0-}$和$W^{1+}$。我们的研究揭示，PFDM中的史瓦西黑洞属于$W^{1-}$类，并且在低温和高温极限下都与黑洞大小无关，热力学上不稳定。PFDM背景中的赖斯纳-诺德斯特伦、克尔和克尔-纽曼黑洞属于相同的普适热力学类$W^{0+}$，这代表在低温极限下存在小而稳定的黑洞和大而不稳定的黑洞，而在高温下不存在黑洞态。AdS黑洞的行为与PFDM中的对应黑洞不同。史瓦西-AdS黑洞属于$W^{0-}$类，表明在低温下没有黑洞态，但在高温下存在小而稳定和大而稳定的黑洞态。此外，克尔-AdS黑洞属于$W^{1+}$类，其特征是在低温下存在小而稳定的黑洞，在高温下存在大而稳定的黑洞，并且在低温和高温下都存在不稳定的中等大小黑洞。这些发现揭示了黑洞热力学背后的普适拓扑分类，为量子引力的基本原理提供了深刻的见解。

英文摘要：

In this paper, we study the universal thermodynamic topological classes of a family of black holes in a perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) background. Recent research on black hole thermodynamics suggests that all black holes can be classified into four universal thermodynamic classes, denoted by $W^{1-}$, $W^{0+}$, $W^{0-}$, and $W^{1+}$. Our study reveals that the Schwarzschild black hole in PFDM belongs to the $W^{1-}$ class, and independence of black hole size thermodynamically unstable at both low- and high-temperature limits. The Reissner-Nordström, Kerr, and Kerr-Newman black holes in the PFDM background belong to the same universal thermodynamic class, $W^{0+}$, which represents small, stable black holes and large, unstable black holes at low-temperature limits, whereas no black hole state exists at high temperatures. The AdS black holes behave differently compared to their counterparts in PFDM. The Schwarzschild-AdS black hole belongs to the $W^{0-}$ class, indicating no black hole state at low temperatures, but small, unstable and large, stable black hole states at high temperatures. Furthermore, the Kerr-AdS black hole belongs to the $W^{1+}$ class, characterized by small, stable black holes at low temperatures, large, stable black holes at high temperatures, and unstable, intermediate-sized black holes at both low and high temperatures. These findings uncover the universal topological classifications underlying black hole thermodynamics, offering profound insights into the fundamental principles of quantum gravity.

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