An important result for regular foliations is their formal semi-local triviality near simply connected leaves. We extend this result to singular foliations for all 2-connected leaves and a wide class of 1- connected leaves by proving a semi-local Levi-Malcev theorem for the semi-simple part of their holonomy Lie algebroid.
We introduce the holonomy of a singular leaf $L$ of a singular foliation as a sequence of group morphisms from $π_n(L)$ to the $π_{n-1}$ of the universal Lie $\infty$-algebroid of the transverse foliation of $L$. We include these morphisms in a long exact sequence, thus relating them to the holonomy groupoid of Androulidakis and Skandalis and to a similar construction by Brahic and Zhu for Lie algebroids.
In this paper we survey on some recent results on Riemannian orbifolds and singular Riemannian foliations and combine them to conclude the existence of closed geodesics in the leaf space of some classes of singular Riemannian foliations (s.r.f.), namely s.r.f. that admit sections or have no horizontal conjugate points. We also investigate the shortening process with respect to Riemannian foliations.
A singular foliation on a complete riemannian manifold M is said to be riemannian if each geodesic that is perpendicular at one point to a leaf remains perpendicular to every leaf it meets. We prove that the regular leaves are equifocal, i.e., the end point map of a normal foliated vector field has constant rank. This implies that we can reconstruct the singular foliation by taking all parallel submanifolds of a regular leaf with trivial holonomy. In addition, the end point map of a normal foliated vector field on a leaf with trivial holonomy is a covering map. These results generalize previou…
We generalize the notion of fixed point homogeneous isometric group actions to the context of singular Riemannian foliations. We find that in some cases, positively curved manifolds admitting these so-called point leaf maximal SRF's are diffeo/homeomorphic to compact rank one symmetric spaces. In all cases, manifolds admitting such foliations are cohomology CROSSes or finite quotients of them. Among non-simply connected manifolds, we find examples of such foliations which are non-homogeneous
We study the geometry of the leaf closure space of regular and singular Riemannian foliations. We give conditions which assure that this leaf space is a singular symplectic or Kähler space.
Given a singular Riemannian foliation on a compact Riemannian manifold, we study the mean curvature flow equation with a regular leaf as initial datum. We prove that if the leaves are compact and the mean curvature vector field is basic, then any finite time singularity is a singular leaf, and the singularity is of type I. These results generalize previous results of Liu and Terng, Pacini and Koike. In particular our results can be applied to partitions of Riemannian manifolds into orbits of actions of compact groups of isometries.
A singular foliation is called a singular Riemannian foliation (SRF) if every geodesic that is perpendicular to one leaf is perpendicular to every leaf it meets. A typical example is the partition of a complete Riemannian manifold into orbits of an isometric action. In this survey, we provide an introduction to the theory of SRFs, leading from the foundations to recent developments in research on this subject. Sketches of proofs are included and useful techniques are emphasized. We study the local structure of SRFs in general and under curvature conditions. We review the solution of the Palais…
In this paper, the authors consider leaf spaces of singular Riemannian foliations $\mathcal{F}$ on compact manifolds $M$ and the associated $\mathcal{F}$-basic spectrum on $M$, $spec_B(M, \mathcal{F}),$ counted with multiplicities. Recently, a notion of smooth isometry $φ: M_1/\mathcal{F}_1\rightarrow M_2/\mathcal{F}_2$ between the leaf spaces of such singular Riemannian foliations $(M_1,\mathcal{F}_1)$ and $(M_2,\mathcal{F}_2)$ has appeared in the literature. In this paper, the authors provide an example to show that the existence a smooth isometry of leaf spaces as above is not sufficient to…
In this paper we investigate the mean curvature flow (MCF) of a regular leaf of a closed generalized isoparametric foliation as initial datum, generalizing previous results of Radeschi and first author. We show that, under bounded curvature conditions, any finite time singularity is a singular leaf, and the singularity is of type I. We also discuss the existence of basin of attractions, how cylinder structures can affect convergence of basic MCF of immersed submanifolds and make a few remarks on MCF of non closed leaves of generalized isoparametric foliation.
Given a singular foliation, we attach an "essential isotropy" group to each of its leaves, and show that its discreteness is the integrability obstruction of a natural Lie algebroid over the leaf. We show that a condition ensuring discreteness is the local surjectivity of a transversal exponential map associated with the maximal ideal of vector fields prescribed to be tangent to the foliation. The essential isotropy group is also shown to control the smoothness of the holonomy cover of the leaf (the associated fiber of the holonomy groupoid), as well as the {smoothness} of the associated isotr…
A singular riemannian foliation on a complete riemannian manifold is said to be riemannian if each geodesic that is perpendicular at one point to a leaf remains perpendicular to every leaf it meets. The singular foliation is said to admit sections if each regular point is contained in a totally geodesic complete immersed submanifold that meets every leaf orthogonally and whose dimension is the codimension of the regular leaves. A typical example of such singular foliation is the partition by orbits of a polar action,e.g. the orbits of the adjoint action of a compact Lie group on itself. We pro…
We prove that the boundary of an orbit space or more generally a leaf space of a singular Riemannian foliation is an Alexandrov space in its intrinsic metric, and that its lower curvature bound is that of the leaf space. A rigidity theorem for positively curved leaf spaces with maximal boundary volume is also established and plays a key role in the proof of the boundary problem.
In this paper, we use the methods of subriemannian geometry to study the dual foliation of the singular Riemannian foliation induced by isometric Lie group actions on a complete Riemannian manifold M. We show that under some conditions, the dual foliation has only one leaf.
We associate a Lie $\infty$-algebroid to every resolution of a singular foliation, where we consider a singular foliation as a locally generated $\mathscr{O}$-submodule of vector fields on the underlying manifold closed under Lie bracket. Here $\mathscr{O}$ can be the ring of smooth, holomorphic, or real analytic functions. The choices entering the construction of this Lie $\infty$-algebroid, including the chosen underlying resolution, are unique up to homotopy and, moreover, every other Lie $\infty$-algebroid inducing the same foliation or any of its sub-foliations factorizes through it in an…
We prove that if the normal distribution of a singular riemannian foliation is integrable, then each leaf of this normal distribution can be extended to be a complete immersed totally geodesic submanifold (called section) which meets every leaf orthogonally. In addition the set of regular points is open and dense in each section. This result generalizes a result of Boualem and solves a problem inspired by a remark of Palais and Terng and a work of Szenthe about polar actions. We also study the singular holonomy of a singular riemannian foliation with sections (s.r.f.s for short) and in particu…
A smooth foliation is Riemannian when its leaves are locally equidistant. The closures of the leaves of a Riemannian foliation on a simply connected manifold, or more generally of a Killing foliation, are described by flows of transverse Killing vector fields. This offers significant technical advantages in the study of this class of foliations, which nonetheless includes other important classes, such as those given by the orbits of isometric Lie group actions. Aiming at a broad audience, in this survey we introduce Killing foliations from the very basics, starting with a brief revision of the…
Consider a singular Riemannian foliation (s.r.f for short) on a compact manifold. By successive blow-ups along the strata, we construct a regular Riemannian foliation on another compact Riemannian manifold and a desingularization map that projects leaves of the regular Riemannian foliation into leaves of the s.r.f. This result generalizes a previous result due to Molino for the particular case of a singular Riemannian foliation whose leaves were the closure of leaves of a regular Riemannian foliation. We also prove that, if the leaves of the s.r.f are compact, then, for each small epsilon, the…
We introduce a category of rigid geometries on singular spaces which are leaf spaces of foliations and are considered as leaf manifolds. We single out a special category $\mathfrak F_0$ of leaf manifolds containing the orbifold category as a full subcategory. Objects of $\mathfrak F_0$ may have non-Hausdorff topology unlike the orbifolds. The topology of some objects of $\mathfrak F_0$ does not satisfy the separation axiom $T_0$. It is shown that for every ${\mathcal N}\in Ob(\mathfrak F_0)$ a rigid geometry $ζ$ on $\mathcal N$ admits a desingularization. Moreover, for every such $\mathcal N$ …
Given a (possibly singular) Riemannian foliation $\mathcal{F}$ with closed leaves on a compact manifold $M$ with an adapted metric, we investigate the wave trace invariants for the basic Laplacian about a non-zero period. We compare them to the wave invariants of the underlying Riemannian orbifold that exists when the leaves in the regular region are identified to points, equipped with the metric that is transverse to the leaves of the foliation. Recalling that the basic Laplacian differs from the underlying orbifold Laplacian by a term that is the mean curvature vector field associated to the…
A singular foliation is a partition of a manifold into leaves of perhaps varying dimension. Stefan and Sussmann carried out fundamental work on singular foliations in the 1970s. We survey their contributions, show how diffeological objects and ideas arise naturally in this setting, and highlight some consequences within diffeology. We then introduce a definition of transverse equivalence of singular foliations, following Molino's definition for regular foliations. We show that, whereas transverse equivalent singular foliations always have diffeologically diffeomorphic leaf spaces, the converse…
In this paper we study singular riemannian foliations that have sections,i.e., totally geodesic complete immersed submanifolds that meet each leaf orthogonally and whose dimensions are the codimensions of the regular leaves. We prove here that the restriction of the foliation to a slice of a leaf is diffeomorphic to an isoparametric foliation on an open set of an euclidian space. This result gives us local information about the singular foliation and in particular about the singular stratification of the foliation. It also allows us to describe the plaques of the foliation as level sets of a t…
For a singular Riemannian foliation whose leaves are properly embedded, we show in the first part of this article the existence of global tubular neighbourhoods, and we develop a global description of the foliation as stratification by types of leaves. The second part deals with the further restriction to a foliation without horizontal conjugate points, introduced by Lytchak and Thorbergsson, which in the special case of an isometric group action equals the concept of variationally completeness. Therefrom, we deduce a global geometric description -- the focal points of the leaves are exactly t…
We study the holonomy cocycle H of a holomorphic foliation \Fc by Riemann surfaces defined on a compact complex projective surface X satisfying the following two conditions: 1) its singularities E are all hyperbolic; 2) there is no holomorphic non-constant map \C\to X such that out of E the image of \C is locally contained in a leaf. Let T be a harmonic current tangent to \Fc which does not give mass to any invariant analytic curve. Using the leafwise Poincaré metric, we show that H is integrable with respect to T. Consequently, we infer the existence of the Lyapunov exponent function of T.
It is well-known that any isotopically connected diffeomorphism group $G$ of a manifold determines uniquely a singular foliation $\F_G$. A one-to-one correspondence between the class of singular foliations and a subclass of diffeomorphism groups is established. As an illustration of this correspondence it is shown that the commutator subgroup $[G,G]$ of an isotopically connected, factorizable and non-fixing $C^r$-diffeomorphism group $G$ is simple iff the foliation $\F_{[G,G]}$ defined by $[G,G]$ admits no proper minimal sets. In particular, the compactly supported $e$-component of the leaf pr…
We describe a local model for any Singular Riemannian Foliation in a neighbourhood of a closed saturated submanifold of a regular stratum. Moreover we construct a Lie groupoid which controls the transverse geometry of the linear approximation of the Singular Riemannian Foliation around these submanifolds. We also discuss the closure of this Lie groupoid and its Lie algebroid.
In order to understand the linearization problem around a leaf of a singular foliation, we extend the familiar holonomy map from the case of regular foliations to the case of singular foliations. To this aim we introduce the notion of holonomy transformation. Unlike the regular case, holonomy transformations can not be attached to classes of paths in the foliation, but rather to elements of the holonomy groupoid of the singular foliation. This assignment is injective. Holonomy transformations allow us to link the linearization problem with the compactness of the isotropy group of the holonomy …
A singular foliation $\mathcal F$ gives a partition of a manifold $M$ into leaves whose dimension may vary. Associated to a singular foliation are two complexes, that of the diffeological differential forms on the leaf space $M / \mathcal F$, and that of the basic differential forms on $M$. We prove the pullback by the quotient map provides an isomorphism of these complexes in the following cases: when $\mathcal F$ is a regular foliation, when points in the leaves of the same dimension assemble into an embedded (more generally, diffeological) submanifold of $M$, and, as a special case of the l…
In the paper we introduce the notions of a singular fibration and a singular Seifert fibration. These notions are natural generalizations of the notion of a locally trivial fibration to the category of stratified pseudomanifolds. For singular foliations defined by such fibrations we prove a de Rham type theorem for the basic intersection cohomology introduced the authors in a recent paper. One of important examples of such a structure is the natural projection onto the leaf space for the singular Riemannian foliation defined by an action of a compact Lie group on a compact smooth manifold.
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a foliation with a "singular" submanifold $B$ on a smooth manifold $M$ and $p:E \to B$ be a regular neighborhood of $B$ in $M$. Under certain "homogeneity" assumptions on $\mathcal{F}$ near $B$ we prove that every leaf preserving diffeomorphism $h$ of $M$ is isotopic via a leaf preserving isotopy to a diffeomorphism which coincides with some vector bundle morphism of $E$ near $B$. This result is mutually a foliated and compactly supported variant of a well known statement that every diffeomorphism $h$ of $\mathbb{R}^n$ fixing the origin is isotopic to the linear isomorphis…
Many mathematical models of physical phenomena that have been proposed in recent years require more general spaces than manifolds. When taking into account the symmetry group of the model, we get a reduced model on the (singular) orbit space of the symmetry group action. We investigate quantization of singular spaces obtained as leaf closure spaces of regular Riemannian foliations on compact manifolds. These contain the orbit spaces of compact group actions and orbifolds. Our method uses foliation theory as a desingularization technique for such singular spaces. A quantization procedure on the…
This report discusses recent results as well as new perspectives in the ergodic theory for Riemann surface laminations, with an emphasis on singular holomorphic foliations by curves. The central notions of these developments are leafwise Poincaré metric, directed positive harmonic currents, multiplicative cocycles and Lyapunov exponents. We deal with various ergodic theorems for such laminations: Random and Operator Ergodic Theorems, (Geometric) Birkhoff Ergodic Theorems, Oseledec Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem and Unique Ergodicity Theorems. Applications of these theorems are also given. In p…