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北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 2004.06995astro-ph.COhep-ph
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宇宙学一级相变的模型无关能量收支

Model-independent energy budget of cosmological first-order phase transitions

Felix Giese, Thomas Konstandin, Jorinde van de Vis

摘要:

我们研究了一阶宇宙学相变的能量收支,这是预测由此产生的引力波谱的一个重要因素。以前,这种分析主要基于简化模型,例如袋状态方程。在这里,我们提出了一个模型无关的方法,是准确的,直到温度依赖性的声速在断相。我们发现,在流体动力学分析中进入的唯一相关的量是破碎相中的声速和两相之间的能量和压力差的线性组合,我们称之为伪迹(归一化为破碎相中的焓)。伪迹量化了相变的强度,并产生了相对论等离子体(声速的平方为三分之一)的能量动量张量的常规迹线。我们研究这种方法在几个现实的相变模型,并提供了一个代码片段,可用于确定一个给定的相变强度和声速的效率系数。事实证明,我们的方法是准确的百分比水平为中等强度的相变,而以前的方法最多给正确的数量级。

英文摘要:

We study the energy budget of a first-order cosmological phase transition, which is an important factor in the prediction of the resulting gravitational wave spectrum. Formerly, this analysis was based mostly on simplified models as for example the bag equation of state. Here, we present a model-independent approach that is exact up to the temperature dependence of the speed of sound in the broken phase. We find that the only relevant quantities that enter in the hydrodynamic analysis are the speed of sound in the broken phase and a linear combination of the energy and pressure differences between the two phases which we call pseudotrace (normalized to the enthalpy in the broken phase). The pseudotrace quantifies the strength of the phase transition and yields the conventional trace of the energy-momentum tensor for a relativistic plasma (with speed of sound squared of one third). We study this approach in several realistic models of the phase transition and also provide a code snippet that can be used to determine the efficiency coefficient for a given phase transition strength and speed of sound. It turns out that our approach is accurate to the percent level for moderately strong phase transitions, while former approaches give at best the right order of magnitude.

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