MANET is an infrastructure less as well as self configuring network consisting of mobile nodes communicating with each other using radio medium. Its exclusive properties such as dynamic topology, decentralization, and wireless medium make MANET to become very unique network amongst other traditional networks, thereby determining security to be a major challenge. In this paper, we have carried out the survey of various security approaches of Mobile Adhoc Networks and provide a comprehensive study regarding it. We have focused our work on three approaches such as Bayesian watch dog, Trust based systems, and Ant colony optimization. In wireless perspective, security is a crucial term to handle. Therefore it becomes necessary when we are concerning our work with Mobile Adhoc Network.
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a distributed, infrastructure-less and decentralized network. A routing protocol in MANET is used to find routes between mobile nodes to facilitate communication within the network. Numerous routing protocols have been proposed for MANET. Those routing protocols are designed to adaptively accommodate for dynamic unpredictable changes in network's topology. The mobile nodes in MANET are often powered by limited batteries and network lifetime relies heavily on the energy consumption of nodes. In consequence, the lack of a mobile node can lead to network partition…
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are a set of self organized wireless mobile nodes that works without any predefined infrastructure. For routing data in MANETs, the routing protocols relay on mobile wireless nodes. In general, any routing protocol performance suffers i) with resource constraints and ii) due to the mobility of the nodes. Due to existing routing challenges in MANETs clustering based protocols suffers frequently with cluster head failure problem, which degrades the cluster stability. This paper proposes, Enhanced CBRP, a schema to improve the cluster stability and in-turn improves…
Anonymous routing protocols are used in MANET's to hide the nodes from outsiders in order to protect from various attacks. HPAR partitions the network area dynamically into zones and chooses nodes in zones randomly as intermediate relay nodes .This relay nodes help in secure routing. In HPAR anonymity protection is given to source, destination and route. HPAR have low cost and provide high level of protection. It has techniques to counter various attacks.
This paper presents a framework for node distribution with respect to density, network connectivity and communication time. Using NS2, we evaluate and compare performance of three routing protocols; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) both in MANETs (IEEE 802.11) and VANETs (IEEE 802.11p). We further enhanced these protocols by changing their routing information exchange intervals; MOD AODV, MOD DSR and MOD FSR. A comprehensive simulation work is performed for the comparison of these routing protocols for varying motilities and …
A mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic multi hop wireless network established by a group of nodes in which there is no central administration. Due to mobility of nodes and dynamic network topology, the routing is one of the most important challenges in ad-hoc networks. Several routing algorithms for MANETs have been proposed by the researchers which have been classified into various categories, however, the most prominent categories are proactive, reactive and hybrid. The performance comparison of routing protocols for MANETs has been presented by other researcher also, however, none of …
In this paper we propose HYMAD, a Hybrid DTN-MANET routing protocol which uses DTN between disjoint groups of nodes while using MANET routing within these groups. HYMAD is fully decentralized and only makes use of topological information exchanges between the nodes. We evaluate the scheme in simulation by replaying real life traces which exhibit this highly dynamic connectivity. The results show that HYMAD outperforms the multi-copy Spray-and-Wait DTN routing protocol it extends, both in terms of delivery ratio and delay, for any number of message copies. Our conclusion is that such a Hybrid D…
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the promising wireless networking approaches where a group of wireless devices can establish communication among themselves without any infrastructure. MANET has successfully been implemented in the emergency communication, battlefield and Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) etc. Recently, MANET has also been studied to establish village level off-the-grid telephony system using mobile phones (smartphones). As the mobile phones and other modern electronic devices are increasingly equipped with efficient wireless Wi-Fi devices, phone based MANET implementati…
In this paper, a framework is presented for node distribution with respect to density, network connectivity and communication time. According to modeled framework we evaluate and compare the performance of three routing protocols; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) in MANETs and VANETs using two Mac-layer protocols; 802.11 and 802.11p. We have further modified these protocols by changing their routing information exchange intervals; MOD AODV, MOD DSR and MOD FSR. A comprehensive simulation work is performed in NS-2 for the comp…
A Mobile ad hoc Network or MANET is a wireless network of mobile devices that has the ability to self-configure and self-organise and is characterised by an absence of centralised administration and network infrastructure. An appreciable number of routing protocols used in a typical MANET have left the critical aspect of security out of consideration by assuming that all of its constituent nodes are trustworthy and non-malicious. In this paper, we discuss some of the major threats that such networks are vulnerable to, because of these inherently insecure protocols. The focus is specifically on…
Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Network (DTN) protocols typically address sparse intermittently connected networks whereas Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) protocols address the fairly stable and fully connected ones. But many intermediate situations may occur on mobility dynamics or radio link instability. In such cases, where the network frequently splits into evolving connected groups, none of the conventional routing paradigms (DTN or MANET) are fully satisfactory. In this paper we propose HYMAD, a Hybrid DTN-MANET routing protocol which uses DTN between disjoint groups of nodes while using MANET r…
The advent of ubiquitous computing and the proliferation of portable computing devices have raised the importance of mobile ad-hoc network. A major challenge lies in adapting multicast communication into such environments where mobility and link failures are inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to study impact of mobility models in performance of multicast routing protocols in MANET. In this work, three widely used mobility models such as Random Way Point, Reference Point Group and Manhattan mobility models and three popular multicast routing protocols such as On-Demand Multicast Routing P…
Deployment of multimedia applications warrants provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) in MANET. However, limited battery power, other resource constraints and mobility of nodes make QoS provisioning difficult to achieve in MANET. This difficulty can be overcome by using a cross-layer approach for routing. In [1] Patil et al., proposed a cross-layer routing protocol named Cost Based Power Aware Cross Layer - AODV (CPACL-AODV) which overcomes the limitation of battery power of nodes. Though many similar energy efficient and cross-layer routing protocols have been proposed for MANET, none of th…
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes. It dynamically forms a temporary network without using any pre existing network infrastructure or centralized administration i.e. with minimal prior planning. All nodes have routing capabilities and forward data packets to other nodes in multi-hop fashion. As the network is dynamic, the network topology continuously experiences alterations during deployment. The biggest challenge in MANETs is to find a path between communicating nodes. The considerations of the MANET environment and the nature of the mobile nodes create fu…
In this paper, a framework for experimental parameters in which Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), effect of link duration over End-to-End Delay (E2ED) and Normalized Routing Overhead (NRO) in terms of control packets is analyzed and modeled for Mobile Ad-Hoc NETworks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETworks (VANETs) with the assumption that nodes (vehicles) are sparsely moving in two different road. Moreover, this paper contributes the performance comparison of one Proactive Routing Protocol; Destination Sequenced Distance vector (DSDV) and two reactive protocols; DYnamic Source Routing (DSR) and DYn…
MANET is a cooperative network in which nodes are responsible for forwarding as well as routing. Noncooperation is still a big challenge that certainly degrades the performance and reliability of a MANET. This paper presents a novel methodology to overcome routing misbehavior in MANET using Retaliation Model. In this model node misbehavior is watched and an equivalent misbehavior is given in return. This model employs several parameters such as number of packets forwarded, number of packets received for forwarding, packet forwarding ratio etc. to calculate Grade and Bonus Points. The Grade is …
In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) all the nodes are freely moves in the absence of without ant centralized coordination system. Due to that the attackers or malicious nodes are easily affected that kind of network and responsible for the routing misbehavior. The routing is network is mandatory to deliver data in between source and destination. In this research we work on security field in MANET and proposed a novel security scheme against routing misbehavior through Black hole attack. The Ad hoc On demand Multipath Routing (AOMDV) protocol is consider for routing and also to improves the routin…
The growing diffusion of wireless-enabled portable devices and the recent advances in Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) open new scenarios where users can benefit from anywhere and at any time for impromptu collaboration. However, energy constrained nodes, low channel bandwidth, node mobility, high channel error rates, channel variability and packet loss are some of the limitations of MANETs. MANETs presents also security challenges. These networks are prone to malicious users attack, because any device within the frequency range can get access to the MANET. There is a need for security mechanis…
Mobile Adhoc Network is a kind of wireless ad hoc network where nodes are connected wirelessly and the network is self configuring. MANET may work in a standalone manner or may be a part of another network. In this paper we have compared Random Walk Mobility Model and Random Waypoint Mobility Model over two reactive routing protocols Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) protocol and one Proactive routing protocol Distance Sequenced Distance Vector Routing (DSDV) Our analysis showed that DSR, AODV & DSDV under Random Walk and Random Way Point Mobility …
Maximizing network lifetime is a very challenging issue in routing protocol design for Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs), since mobile nodes are powered by limited-capacity batteries. Furthermore, replacing or recharging batteries is often impossible in critical environments (e.g. battlefields, disaster areas, etc.). Energy consumption was considered for a long time equivalent to bandwidth consumption. However, recent works have shown that "energy" and "bandwidth" are substantially different metrics. Moreover, it was found that traditional routing policies such as "the shortest path" one can hav…
The inability of practical MANET deployments to scale beyond about 100 nodes has traditionally been blamed on insufficient network capacity for supporting routing related control traffic. However, this paper points out that network capacity is significantly under-utilized by standard MANET routing algorithms at observed scaling limits. Therefore, as opposed to identifying the scaling limit for MANET routing from a capacity stand-point, it is instead characterized as a function of the interaction between dynamics of path failure (caused due to mobility) and path repair. This leads to the discov…
Mobile nodes of various routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks follow different strategies in transmission and receiving of data. Security, packet delivery and routing overhead are important concerns for any protocol during designing them. The presence and absence of malicious nodes in the network affect a lot on the performance of the protocol. This research is mainly focused on the study of the threats, attacks and reasons for malicious behavior of nodes in the network for reactive routing protocols in MANETS. DSR and AODV are the two reactive routing protocols that were considered for …
Security issues in MANET are a challenging task nowadays. MANETs are vulnerable to passive attacks and active attacks because of a limited number of resources and lack of centralized authority. Blackhole attack is an attack in network layer which degrade the network performance by dropping the packets. In this paper, we have proposed a Secure Fault-Tolerant Paradigm (SFTP) which checks the Blackhole attack in the network. The three phases used in SFTP algorithm are designing of coverage area to find the area of coverage, Network Connection algorithm to design a fault-tolerant model and Route D…
A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a group of mobile nodes that can be set up randomly and formed without the need of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. In this network the mobile devices are dependent on battery power, it is important to minimize their energy consumption. Also storage capacity and power are severely limited. In situations such as emergency rescue, military actions, and scientific field missions, energy conservation plays an even more important role which is critical to the success of the tasks performed by the network. Therefore, energy conserv…
Some multi-path routing algorithm in MANET, simultaneously send information to the destination through several directions to reduce end-to-end delay. In all these algorithms, the sent traffic through a path affects the adjacent path and unintentionally increases the delay due to the use of adjacent paths. Because, there are repetitive competitions among neighboring nodes, in order to obtain the joint channel in adjacent paths. The represented algorithm in this study tries to discover the distinct paths between source and destination nodes with using Omni directional antennas, to send informati…
MANET is a collection of mobile nodes operated by battery source with limited energy reservoir. The dynamic topology and absence of pre-existing infrastructure in MANET makes routing technique more thought-provoking. The arbitrary movement of nodes may lead towards more packet drop, routing overhead and end-to-end delay. Moreover power deficiency in nodes affects the packet forwarding ability and thus reduces network lifetime. So a power aware stable routing strategy is in demand in MANET. In this manuscript we have proposed a novel multipath routing strategy that could select multiple stable …
Routing is the main part of wireless adhoc network conventionally there are two approaches first one is Proactive and another one is Reactive. Both these approaches have some substantial disadvantage and to overcome hybrid routing protocols designed. ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol) is one of the hybrid routing protocols, it takes advantage of proactive approach by providing reliability within the scalable zone, and for beyond the scalable zone it looks for the reactive approach. It (ZRP) uses the proactive and the reactive routing according to the need of the application at that particular instanc…
Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) are leaving the confines of research laboratories, to find place in real-world deployments. Outside specialized domains (military, vehicular, etc.), city-wide communitynetworks are emerging, connecting regular Internet users with each other, and with the Internet, via MANETs. Growing to encompass more than a handful of "trusted participants", the question of preserving the MANET network connectivity, even when faced with careless or malicious participants, arises, and must be addressed. A first step towards protecting a MANET is to analyze the vulnerabilities of…
This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficienc…
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure less network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. In this network technology, simulative analysis is a significant method to understand the performance of routing protocols. In this paper three protocols AODV, DSDV and DSR were simulated using Manhattan Grid Mobility Model. The reactive (AODV, DSR) and proactive (DSDV) protocols internal mechanism leads to considerable performance difference. The performance differentials are analyzed using NS-2 which is the main network simulator, NAM (Network Animator), AWK (post …
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized access point, infrastructure, or centralized administration. In this paper we introduce an Energy Efficient Location Aided Routing (EELAR) Protocol for MANETs that is based on the Location Aided Routing (LAR). EELAR makes significant reduction in the energy consumption of the mobile nodes batteries by limiting the area of discovering a new route to a smaller zone. Thus, control packets overhead is significantly reduced. In EELAR a reference wireless base station is…
Hybrid networks consisting of MANET nodes and cellular infrastructure have been recently proposed to improve the performance of military networks. Prior work has demonstrated the benefits of in-network content caching in a wired, Internet context. We investigate the problem of developing optimal routing and caching policies in a hybrid network supporting in-network caching with the goal of minimizing overall content-access delay. Here, needed content may always be accessed at a back-end server via the cellular infrastructure; alternatively, content may also be accessed via cache-equipped "clus…
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a special class of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) where vehicles are considered as MANET nodes with wireless links. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. There has been significant interest in improving safety and traffic efficiency using VANET. The design of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. Existing routing protocols of MANET are not suitable for VANET. AOMDV is the most important on demand multipath routing protocol. This paper proposes SSD…
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a non-centralised, multihop, wireless network that lacks a common infrastructure and hence it needs self-organisation. The biggest challenge in MANETs is to find a path between communicating nodes, which is the MANET routing problem. Biology-inspired techniques such as ant colony optimisation (ACO) which have proven to be very adaptable in other problem domains, have been applied to the MANET routing problem as it forms a good fit to the problem. The general characteristics of these biological systems, which include their capability for self-organisation, sel…
We present comparative analysis of MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network) and VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network) routing protocols, in this paper. The analysis is based on various design factors. The traditional routing protocols of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), and DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector) of MANET are utilizing node centric routing which leads to frequent breaking of routes, causing instability in routing. Usage of these protocols in high mobility environment like VANET may eventually cause many packets to drop. Route repairs and failures not…
All networks must provide an acceptable and desirable level of Quality of Service (QoS) to ensure that applications are well supported. This becomes a challenge when it comes to Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). This paper presents a security framework that is QoS-aware in MANETs using a network protocol called Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR). Security & QoS targets may not necessarily be similar but this framework seeks to bridge the gap for the provision of an optimal functioning MANET. This paper presents the various security challenges, attacks, and goals in MANETs and the exis…
Noncooperation or failure to work together is a big challenge that surely degrades the performance and reliability of Mobile Adhoc Networks. In MANETs, nodes have dual responsibilities of forwarding and routing, that's why it needs unison with nodes. To sort out non-cooperation a real life behavior should be implemented, so that misbehavior is nullified. In this paper, we present the "Mirror Model" that strictly enforces cooperation due to its punishment strategy. Node's behavior is watched by its neighbors in PON mode, to update the NPF, NPRF values for a threshold time. After the expiry of t…
In this short paper, we propose MiabNET, a reactive protocol for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). This protocol leverages the concept of "message-in-a-bottle" to spread the routing information though the entire network. The idea of the protocol is briefly described as below: if a node would like to find a route to a destination node not in the routing table, it will initialize a bottle and send this bottle to \textbf{a random one} of its neighbors. If this neighbor does not have the route to the destination, it will send the bottle to one of its random neighbors as well, until the bottle reache…
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are considered as a new paradigm of infrastructure-less mobile wireless communication systems. MANETs are being widely studied and it is the technology that is attracting a large variety of applications. Routing in MANETs is considered a challenging task due to the unpredictable changes in the network topology, resulting from the random and frequent movement of the nodes and due to the absence of any centralized control [1][2]. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of reactive routing protocols, Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Dynamic Source Rou…
Thanks to the great progress in mobile and wireless technologies, Internet-distributed applications like P2P file sharing are nowadays deployed over MANET (i.e., P2P mobile systems). These applications allow users to search and share diverse multimedia resources over MANET. Due the nature of MANET, P2P mobile systems brought up many new thriving challenges regarding the query routing issue. To tackle this problem, we introduce a novel context-aware query routing protocol for unstructured P2P mobile file sharing systems. Our protocol (i) locates relevant peers sharing pertinent resources for us…
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic multihop wireless network which is established by a set of mobile nodes on a shared wireless channel. One of the major issues in MANET is routing due to the mobility of the nodes. Routing means the act of moving information across an internet work from a source to a destination. When it comes to MANET, the complexity increases due to various characteristics like dynamic topology, time varying QoS requirements, limited resources and energy etc. QoS routing plays an important role for providing QoS in wireless ad hoc networks. The most complex issue in …
Multipath routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) plays a significant concern for secured data transmission by avoiding the attack nodes in the network. In order to overcome such limitations, a Winnow Trust based Multipath Route Discovery (WT-MRD) Mechanism is proposed. It constructs multiple paths from source to destination with higher security and lesser time. Initially, the trust value of each node is calculated based on the node cooperative count, data packet forwarding rate and packet drop rate by Neighbor Node-based Trust Calculation (NN-TC) Model. After calculating the trust value, the…
MANET is a collection of mobile devices with no centralized control and no pre-existing infrastructures. Due to the nodal mobility, supporting QoS during routing in this type of networks is a very challenging task. To tackle this type of overhead many routing algorithms with clustering approach have been proposed. Clustering is an effective method for resource management regarding network performance, routing protocol design, QoS etc. Most of the flat network architecture contains homogeneous capacity of nodes but in real time nodes are with heterogeneous capacity and transmission power. Hiera…
An ad hoc network is an infrastructureless network in which nodes perform terminal as well as routing functions. A routing protocol is the only substitute to complete the communications in the absence of an access point. In spite of that mobile nodes or so called routers uses some mechanism for calculating the best route when it has multiple routes for the same destination. On the basis of one or more metrics routes are ranked from best to worst. But, in an ad hoc network many factors can affect this decision, such as the delay, load, route lifetime etc. Thus measuring and finding routes on th…
These days MANET is an amazing remarkably altering or rising technology, for the reason that of its elite nature of scattered mobile devices and self motivated network topology. The mobile adhoc routing protocol follows several principles in wireless MANETs. The up to date and novel applications based on wireless technology are being produced in the private as well as commercial sectors. A lot of challenges which are facing wireless MANETs like network stability, security, energy efficiency and performance analysis etc. At present wireless adhoc network get much more attention because of its a…
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a set of mobile nodes which are self-configuring and connected by wireless links automatically as per the defined routing protocol. The absence of a central management agency or a fixed infrastructure is a key feature of MANETs. These nodes communicate with each other by interchange of packets, which for those nodes not in wireless range goes hop by hop. Due to lack of a defined central authority, securitizing the routing process becomes a challenging task thereby leaving MANETs vulnerable to attacks, which results in deterioration in the performance charact…
In this paper, we have analyzed the effect of node mobility on the performance of AOMDV multipath routing protocol. This routing protocol in ad hoc network has been analyzed with random way point mobility model only. This is not sufficient to evaluate the behavior of a routing protocol. Therefore, in this paper, we have considered Random waypoint, Random Direction and Probabilistic Random Walk mobility Model for performance analysis of AOMDV protocol. The result reveals that packet delivery ratio decreases with the increasing node mobility for all mobility models. Also, average end-to-end dela…
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is infrastructureless, self-organizable, multi hop packet switched network. A number of routing protocols for MANETs have been proposed in recent years. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is one of the most popular routing protocol for ad hoc networks. This paper presents a novel method to enhance route maintenance part of DSR protocol. Our proposed route maintenance significantly increases the efficiency of the protocol at the time of route failures.
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) consists of a collection of mobile nodes without having a central coordination. In MANET, node mobility and dynamic topology play an important role in the performance. MANET provide a solution for network connection at anywhere and at any time. The major features of MANET are quick set up, self organization and self maintenance. Routing is a major challenge in MANET due to it's dynamic topology and high mobility. Several routing algorithms have been developed for routing. This paper studies the AODV protocol and how AODV is performed under multiple connections i…
Now a day ad hoc mobile networks (MANETs) have lots of routing protocols, but no one can meet maximum performance. Some are good in a small network; some are suitable in large networks, and some give better performance in location or global networks. Today modern and innovative applications for health care environments based on a wireless network are being developed in the commercial sectors. The emerging wireless networks are rapidly becoming a fundamental part of every single field of life. Our proposed DEERP framework gives a better performance as compared to other routing protocol.
Advances in multimedia and ad-hoc networking have urged a wealth of research in multimedia delivery over ad-hoc networks. This comes as no surprise, as those networks are versatile and beneficial to a plethora of applications where the use of fully wired network has proved intricate if not impossible, such as prompt formation of networks during conferences, disaster relief in case of flood and earthquake, and also in war activities. It this paper, we aim to investigate the combined impact of network sparsity and network node density on the Peak Signal Noise to Ratio (PSNR) and jitter performan…
Routing is one of the most mysterious issues from the birth of networks up till now. Designing routing protocols for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) is a complicated task because unpredictable mobility patterns of mobile nodes greatly effect routing decisions. Various routing protocols are designed to improve this very problem. Different simulator based routing protocols are designed but these protocols might fail during deployment because of the testing procedures of simulators. In this study, a novel formal model for routes management is proposed for MANETs. Formal methods are the most novel…
Secure routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks have been developed recently, yet, it has been unclear what are the properties they achieve, as a formal analysis of these protocols is mostly lacking. In this paper, we are concerned with this problem, how to specify and how to prove the correctness of a secure routing protocol. We provide a definition of what a protocol is expected to achieve independently of its functionality, as well as communication and adversary models. This way, we enable formal reasoning on the correctness of secure routing protocols. We demonstrate this by analyzing …
In this paper we propose a method to enhance the life time as well as improve the performance of the mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Since MANET consists of devices that run on batteries, having limited amount of energy and due to the self-configuring and dynamic change of topology, all operations are performed by the node itself.
The task of simulation is often complicated for which many naive users often seek for relatively easier solutions. In many cases, simulations are done without any visual output which makes them non-attractive. In this paper, we present ViSim; a new simulation tool that has a user-friendly graphical interface. ViSim could be useful for researchers, students, teachers in their works, and for the demonstration of various wireless network scenarios on computer screen. It could make the task of simulation more exciting and enhance the interest of the users without going into complex command-only te…
Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) may lack continuous network connectivity. Routing in DTNs is thus a challenge since it must handle network partitioning, long delays, and dynamic topology. Meanwhile, routing protocols of the traditional Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) cannot work well due to the failure of its assumption that most network connections are available. In this article, a geographic routing protocol is proposed for MANETs in delay tolerant situations, by using no more than one-hop information. A utility function is designed for implementing the under-controlled replica…
Episys Science Inc（Episys科学公司）；The Boeing Company（波音公司）
We developed DeepADMR, a novel neural anomaly detector for the deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based DeepCQ+ MANET routing policy. The performance of DRL-based algorithms such as DeepCQ+ is only verified within the trained and tested environments, hence their deployment in the tactical domain induces high risks. DeepADMR monitors unexpected behavior of the DeepCQ+ policy based on the temporal difference errors (TD-errors) in real-time and detects anomaly scenarios with empirical and non-parametric cumulative-sum statistics. The DeepCQ+ design via multi-agent weight-sharing proximal policy op…
The nature of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) makes them suitable to be utilized in the context of an extreme emergency for all involved rescue teams. We use the term emergency MANETs (eMANETs) in order to describe next generation IP-based networks, which are deployed in emergency cases such as forest fires and terrorist attacks. The main goal within the realm of eMANETs is to provide emergency workers with intelligent devices such as smart phones and PDAs. This technology allows communication "islets" to be established between the members of the same or different emergency teams (policemen, f…
