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arXiv 2004.05818astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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大质量原恒星AFGL 2136 IRS 1从2到13 $μ$ m的高分辨率H $_2$ O谱:探测星周盘

The H$_2$O Spectrum of the Massive Protostar AFGL 2136 IRS 1 from 2 to 13 $μ$m at High Resolution: Probing the Circumstellar Disk

Nick Indriolo, D. A. Neufeld, A. G. Barr, A. C. A. Boogert, C. N. DeWitt, A. Karska, E. J. Montiel, M. J. Richter, A. G. G. M. Tielens

摘要:

利用VLT+CRIRES、SOFIA+EXES和Gemini North+TEXES,我们在近中红外波段的多个波长窗口($\sim3$ km s $^{-1}$)观测了大质量原恒星AFGL 2136 IRS 1。在2.7 $μ$ m处的$ν_1$和$ν_3$振动带、6.1 $μ$ m处的$ν_2$振动带以及10-13 $μ$ m附近的纯转动跃迁中存在大量H $_2$ O吸收线。从解析的吸收特征导出的特定状态的柱密度的分析表明,等温吸收板模型是无法解释不同的吸收特征的相对深度。特别是,最强的吸收特征比预期的要弱得多,这表明吸收气体与在所有观测波长下充当“背景”连续谱源的温暖尘埃充分混合而产生的光学深度效应。最强的H $_2$ O吸收发生的速度与最近用ALMA在H $_2$ O发射中观察到的Keplerian旋转中的致密盘的短轴上的速度质心一致。我们假设,这个尘埃盘的温暖地区占主导地位的连续辐射在近中红外波长,和H $_2$ O和其他几个分子的吸收观察到的探测这个磁盘。吸收线轮廓是不对称的,可能表明,在磁盘中产生的红外连续的温暖的尘埃有一个不均匀的分布类似于在1.3毫米连续发射观察到的子结构。

英文摘要:

We have observed the massive protostar AFGL 2136 IRS 1 in multiple wavelength windows in the near-to-mid-infrared at high ($\sim3$ km s$^{-1}$) spectral resolution using VLT+CRIRES, SOFIA+EXES, and Gemini North+TEXES. There is an abundance of H$_2$O absorption lines from the $ν_1$ and $ν_3$ vibrational bands at 2.7 $μ$m, from the $ν_2$ vibrational band at 6.1 $μ$m, and from pure rotational transitions near 10-13 $μ$m. Analysis of state-specific column densities derived from the resolved absorption features reveals that an isothermal absorbing slab model is incapable of explaining the relative depths of different absorption features. In particular, the strongest absorption features are much weaker than expected, indicating optical depth effects resulting from the absorbing gas being well-mixed with the warm dust that serves as the "background" continuum source at all observed wavelengths. The velocity at which the strongest H$_2$O absorption occurs coincides with the velocity centroid along the minor axis of the compact disk in Keplerian rotation recently observed in H$_2$O emission with ALMA. We postulate that the warm regions of this dust disk dominate the continuum emission at near-to-mid infrared wavelengths, and that H$_2$O and several other molecules observed in absorption are probing this disk. Absorption line profiles are not symmetric, possibly indicating that the warm dust in the disk that produces the infrared continuum has a non-uniform distribution similar to the substructure observed in 1.3 mm continuum emission.

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