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arXiv 1503.05189astro-ph.SR
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英仙座0类原恒星的亚角秒巡天:寻找原恒星的特征

A Sub-arcsecond Survey Toward Class 0 Protostars in Perseus: Searching for Signatures of Protostellar Disks

John J. Tobin, Leslie W. Looney, David J. Wilner, Woojin Kwon, Claire J. Chandler, Tyler L. Bourke, Laurent Loinard, Hsin-Fang Chiang, Scott Schnee, Xuepeng Chen

摘要:

我们在$\sim$ 0.3 $^{\prime\prime}$(70 AU)分辨率下对英仙座分子云中的9颗0类原恒星进行了CARMA 1.3 mm连续谱巡天。这项研究大约增加了一倍的0级原恒星的数量观察到的空间分辨率$<$ 100 AU在毫米波长,使原恒星盘和原二进制系统的存在进行探测。我们在两个源(L1448 IRS 2和Per-emb-14)周围检测到半径为$>$ 100 AU的扁平结构,这些源可能是强盘候选者。在3颗原恒星(L1448 IRS 3C、IRAS 03282+3035和L1448 C)的方向上发现了边缘分辨结构,其位置角在垂直于外流方向的30 $^{\circ}$以内,被认为是候选的盘。另外两颗(L1448 IRS 3 B和IRAS 03292+3039)有解析结构,可能是大质量内包层或盘的指示; L1448 IRS 3 B也有一颗伴星,与伴星的距离为0.9 $^{\prime\prime}$($\sim$ 210 AU)。IC 348-MMS没有很好的解析结构,候选的第一个流体静力学岩心L1451-MMS在1 $^{\prime\prime}$尺度上的解析度很低。强盘候选源的后续与C $^{18}$ O($J=2\rightarrow1$)的观测,检测速度梯度一致的旋转,但目前还不清楚,如果旋转是开普勒。我们比较观测到的可见度振幅辐射转移模型,发现可见度振幅比表明一个紧凑的组件(可能是一个磁盘)是必要的9个0级源的5个,信封单独可以解释其他4个系统。我们的结论是,有证据表明,在0级阶段的半径和质量的范围取决于其初始形成条件的大磁盘的形成。

英文摘要:

We present a CARMA 1.3 mm continuum survey toward 9 Class 0 protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud at $\sim$0.3$^{\prime\prime}$ (70 AU) resolution. This study approximately doubles the number of Class 0 protostars observed with spatial resolutions $<$ 100 AU at millimeter wavelengths, enabling the presence of protostellar disks and proto-binary systems to be probed. We detect flattened structures with radii $>$ 100 AU around 2 sources (L1448 IRS2 and Per-emb-14) and these sources may be strong disk candidates. Marginally-resolved structures with position angles within 30$^{\circ}$ of perpendicular to the outflow are found toward 3 protostars (L1448 IRS3C, IRAS 03282+3035, and L1448C) and are considered disk candidates. Two others (L1448 IRS3B and IRAS 03292+3039) have resolved structure, possibly indicative of massive inner envelopes or disks; L1448 IRS3B also has a companion separated by 0.9$^{\prime\prime}$ ($\sim$210 AU). IC348-MMS does not have well-resolved structure and the candidate first hydrostatic core L1451-MMS is marginally resolved on 1$^{\prime\prime}$ scales. The strong disk candidate sources were followed-up with C$^{18}$O ($J=2\rightarrow1$) observations, detecting velocity gradients consistent with rotation, but it is unclear if the rotation is Keplerian. We compare the observed visibility amplitudes to radiative transfer models, finding that visibility amplitude ratios suggest a compact component (possibly a disk) is necessary for 5 of 9 Class 0 sources; envelopes alone may explain the other 4 systems. We conclude that there is evidence for the formation of large disks in the Class 0 phase with a range of radii and masses dependent upon their initial formation conditions.

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