Fermionic dark matter (DM) with attractive self-interaction is possible to form black holes (BH) inside the Gyr-old neutron stars (NS). Therefore by observing such NS corresponding to their adjacent DM environments can place bounds on DM properties, eg. DM-baryon cross section $σ_{χb}$, DM mass $m_χ$, dark coupling $α_χ$ and mediator mass $m_ϕ$. In case of isospin violation, DM couples to neutron and proton in different strengths. Even NS is composed of protons roughly one to two percent of the total baryons, the contribution from protons to the DM capture rate could be drastically changed in the presence of isospin violation. We demonstrate that this effect can be important in certain cases. On the other hand, DM-forming BH inside the star is subject to many criteria and the underlying dynamics is rich with interesting features. We also systematically review the relevant physics based on the virial equation. Moreover, an accompanied python package \texttt{dm2nsbh} to realize the mechanism is also released on the github for other relevant research.
We show that exothermic isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM) can make the results of the latest CDMS-Si experiment consistent with recent null experiments, such as XENON10, XENON100, LUX, CDEX, and SuperCDMS, whereas for the CoGeNT experiment, a strong tension still persists. For CDMS-Si, separate exothermic dark matter or isospin-violating dark matter cannot fully ameliorate the tensions among these experiments; the tension disappears only if exothermic scattering is combined with an isospin-violating effect of f_n/f_p=-0.7. For such exothermic IVDM to exist, at least a new vector gauge boson…
Isospin-Violating Dark Matter Benchmarks for Snowmass 2013
同位旋破坏暗物质（Isosin-violating dark matter，IVDM）通过引入一个额外的参数--中子-质子耦合比f_n/f_p，推广了标准的自旋无关散射参数空间。我们审查的动机，考虑IVDM和目前的基准模型，说明了一些质量上不同的可能性。IVDM强烈地激发了在直接检测实验中使用各种靶核。
We consider the prospects for multiple dark matter direct detection experiments to determine if the interactions of a dark matter candidate are isospin-violating. We focus on theoretically well-motivated examples of isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM), including models in which dark matter interactions with nuclei are mediated by a dark photon, a Z, or a squark. We determine that the best prospects for distinguishing IVDM from the isospin-invariant scenario arise in the cases of dark photon- or Z-mediated interactions, and that the ideal experimental scenario would consist of large exposure x…
In scenarios where the dark matter interacts differently with protons and neutrons (isospin-violating dark matter), the interpretation of the experimental limits on the dark matter spin-independent cross section may be significantly modified. On the one hand, the direct detection constraints are shifted depending on the target nucleus, possibly changing the hierarchy among different experiments. On the other hand, the relative strength between the bounds from neutrino detectors and those from direct detection experiments is altered, allowing the former to be more competitive. In this paper, th…
We systematically calculate the isospin violating decay, $D_s^*\to D_sπ^0$, with the heavy meson chiral perturbation theory up to $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ including the loop diagrams. The $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ tree level amplitudes contain four undetermined LECs. We use two strategies to estimate them. With the nonanalytic dominance approximation, we get $Γ[D_s^\ast\to D_sπ^0]=(3.38\pm0.12)$ eV. With the naturalness assumption, we give a possible range of the isospin violating decay width, $[1.11-6.88]$ eV. We find that the contribution of the $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ corrections might be significant.
In this work, we revisit the isospin violating decays of $X(3872)$ in a coupled-channel effective field theory. In the molecular scheme, the $X(3872)$ is interpreted as the bound state of $\bar{D}^{*0}D^0/\bar{D}^0D^{*0}$ and $D^{*-}D^+/D^-D^{*+}$ channels. In a cutoff-independent formalism, we relate the coupling constants of $X(3872)$ with the two channels to the molecular wave function. The isospin violating decays of $X(3872)$ are obtained by two equivalent approaches, which amend some deficiencies about this issue in literature. In the quantum field theory approach, the isospin violating …
The known isospin-breaking contributions to the $K\rightarrow ππ$ amplitudes are reanalyzed, taking into account our current understanding of the quark masses and the relevant non-perturbative inputs. We present a complete numerical reappraisal of the direct CP-violating ratio $ε'/ε$, where these corrections play a quite significant role. We obtain the Standard Model prediction $\text{Re}\left(ε'/ε\right)\, =\,\left(14\,\pm\,5\right)\cdot 10^{-4}$, which is in very good agreement with the measured ratio. The uncertainty, which has been estimated conservatively, is dominated by our current igno…
We present a study of the isospin-violating one-pion strong decays of single heavy tetraquarks $X_Q = X(s q \bar q \bar Q)$, $Q=c, b$, and $q=u, d$ with spin-parity $J^P = 0^+$. We assume that the tetraquarks have the configuration of a color diquark and a antidiquark. Three mechanisms of isospin violation can contribute to the decay rate: (1) mixing of the $X(s u \bar u \bar Q)$ and $X(s d \bar d \bar Q)$ tetraquark currents, (2) an explicit $m_d-m_u$ quark mass difference in the quark diagrams describing the corresponding decay transitions and (3) $π^0-η$ mixing in the final state. Our main …
We propose a $U(1)'$ model from $E_6$ which has an isospin-violation dark matter. By choosing a proper linear combination of two extra $U(1)$ gauge symmetries in $E_6$, it is natural to realize the ratio $f_n/f_p=-0.7$ so as to maximally relax the constraints from the Xenon based direct detection experiments. We study the sensitivities of the dark matter direct and indirect detection experiments, and identify the parameter spaces that can give the observed relic density. We also study the sensitivities of the future colliders with center mass energy $\sqrt{s}$= 33/50/100 TeV, and compare the d…
At present very large data samples in the energy region of 2.0-4.6 GeV were accumulated by the BESIII detector, which is operated in the upgraded Beijing electron positron collider (BEPCII). These data samples provide an unprecedented opportunity in the study of light hadron spectra and charmonium(-like) decays. We review some experimental analyses related to isospin violations at BESIII in this proceeding, which can be classify into three categories: isospin violating processes with a $f_0(980)$ or $a^0_0(980)$ production, isospin violating processes with baryon final states, and isospin viol…
The decay of $Λ_c^+$ into $π^+π^0Λ(1405)$ with the $Λ(1405)$ decay into $π^0Σ^0$ through a triangle diagram is studied. This process is initiated by $ Λ_c^+ \to π^+ \bar{K}^*N $, then the $\bar{K}^*$ decays into $\bar{K} π$ and $\bar{K} N$ produce the $Λ(1405)$ through a triangle loop containing $\bar{K}^*N\bar{K}$ which develops a singularity around $1890$ MeV. This process is prohibited by the isospin symmetry, but the decay into this channel is enhanced by the contribution of the triangle diagram, which is sensitive to the mass of the internal particles. We find a narrow peak in the $π^0Σ^0…
Positive parity meson states D*_{s0}(2317) and D_{s1}(2460) have masses slightly below the DK threshold. Therefore, both states can strongly decay only into isospin violating decays D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds ππ, D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds* π0 and D*_{s0}(2317) --> Ds π0. The pion states are having rather small energies, what makes these decays appropriate to study within heavy meson chiral perturbation theory and calculate loop contributions. The D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds ππdecays occur only at the loop level. Amplitude is a result of chiral loop contributions, which then have to be finite. However, in the case …
Hidden sector scenarios in which dark matter (DM) interacts with the Standard Model matter fields through the exchange of massive Z' bosons are well motivated by certain string theory constructions. In this work, we thoroughly study the phenomenological aspects of such scenarios and find that they present a clear and testable consequence for direct DM searches. We show that such string motivated Stückelberg portals naturally lead to isospin violating interactions of DM particles with nuclei. We find that the relations between the DM coupling to neutrons and protons for both, spin-independent (…
We show that in a multi-Higgs model in which one Higgs fits the LHC 125 GeV state, one or more of the other Higgs bosons can mediate DM-nucleon interactions with maximal DM isospin violation being possible for appropriate Higgs-quark couplings, independent of the nature of DM. We then consider the explicit example of a Type II two-Higgs-doublet model, identifying the h or H as the 125 GeV state while the H or h, respectively, mediates DM-nucleon interactions. Finally, we show that if a stable scalar, S, is added then it can be a viable light DM candidate with correct relic density while obeyin…
Recent lattice QCD results suggest that the masses of the first two positive parity $B_s$ mesons lie below the BK threshold, similar to the case of $D^*_{s0}(2317)^+$ and $D_{s1}(2460)^+$ mesons. The mass spectrum of $B_s$ mesons seems to follow pattern of $D_s$ mass spectrum. As in the case of charmed mesons, the structure of positive parity $B_s$ mesons is very intriguing. To shed more light on this issue, we investigate strong isospin violating decays $B_s(0^+) \to B_s^0 π^0$, $B_s(1^+) \to B_s^{*0} π^0$ and $B_s(1^+) \to B_s^0 ππ$ within heavy meson chiral perturbation theory. The two body…
In a molecular scenario, we investigate the isospin-breaking hidden charm decay processes of $X(3872)$, i.e., $X(3872) \to π^+ π^- J/ψ$, $X(3872) \to π^+ π^- π^0 J/ψ$, and $X(3872)\to π^0χ_{cJ}$. We assume that the source of the strong isospin violation comes from the different coupling strengths of $X(3872)$ to its charged components $D^{\ast +} D^-$ and neutral components $D^{\ast 0 } \bar{D}^0$ as well as the interference between the charged meson loops and neutral meson loops. The former effect could fix our parameters by using the measurement of the ratio $Γ[X(3872) \to π^+ π^- π^0 J/ψ]/Γ…
Isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM), which couples differently with protons and neutrons, provides a promising mechanism to ameliorate the tension among recent direct detection experiments. Assuming DM is non-interacting bosonic asymmetric IVDM, we investigate how the existence of old neutron stars limits the DM-proton scattering cross-section $σ_{\rm p}$, especially the effects of the isospin violating DM-nucleon interactions and the symmetry energy in the equation of state of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. Our calculations are completely based on general relativity and especially the st…
