We study the reaction $e^+ e^-\to ωπ^0$ in the vicinity of $ϕ$ mass region. The isospin-violating $ϕ$ excitation is accounted for by two major mechanisms. One is electromagnetic (EM) transition and the other is strong isospin violations. For the latter, we consider contributions from the intermediate hadronic meson loops and $ϕ$-$ρ^0$ mixing as the major mechanisms via the $t$ and s-channel transitions, respectively. By fitting the recent KLOE data, we succeed in constraining the model parameters and extracting the $ϕ\toωπ^0$ branching ratio. It shows that the branching ratio is sensitive to the $ϕ$ excitation line shape and background contributions. Some crucial insights into the correlation between isospin violation and Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule evading transitions are also learned.
We examine the parametrization of the e+e- -> omega pi0 cross section in the vicinity of the phi resonance and the extraction of the branching fraction of the isospin violating process phi -> omega pi0 from experimental data. We found that there are two possible solutions of the branching fraction, one is 4 times 10^{-5}, and the other is 7 times 10^{-3}. The latter is two orders of magnitude higher than the former, which is the commonly accepted one.
Charmonium spectroscopy provides strong guidelines to effective field theories, thereby gaining insight into quark confinement and the generation of hadron masses. Hadronic transitions between charmonium states have been measured with unprecedented high precision with the BESIII spectrometer at IHEP Beijing, China. We present systematic studies of isospin-violating decays in charmonium, such as $ψ' \rightarrow π^{0} J/ψ$, $ψ' \rightarrow π^{0} h_{c}$, $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow π^{0} J/ψ$ at $\sqrt{s}=$ 4.009 GeV, and their improved measurements of their branching fractions.
We consider the prospects for studying spin-independent isospin-violating dark matter-nucleon interactions with neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the Sun, with a focus on IceCube/DeepCore (IC/DC). If dark matter-nucleon interactions are isospin violating, IC/DC's reach in the spin-independent cross section may be competitive with current direct detection experiments for a wide range of dark matter masses. We also compare IC/DC's sensitivity to that of next generation argon, germanium, neon and xenon based detectors.
At present very large data samples in the energy region of 2.0-4.6 GeV were accumulated by the BESIII detector, which is operated in the upgraded Beijing electron positron collider (BEPCII). These data samples provide an unprecedented opportunity in the study of light hadron spectra and charmonium(-like) decays. We review some experimental analyses related to isospin violations at BESIII in this proceeding, which can be classify into three categories: isospin violating processes with a $f_0(980)$ or $a^0_0(980)$ production, isospin violating processes with baryon final states, and isospin viol…
We consider the prospects for multiple dark matter direct detection experiments to determine if the interactions of a dark matter candidate are isospin-violating. We focus on theoretically well-motivated examples of isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM), including models in which dark matter interactions with nuclei are mediated by a dark photon, a Z, or a squark. We determine that the best prospects for distinguishing IVDM from the isospin-invariant scenario arise in the cases of dark photon- or Z-mediated interactions, and that the ideal experimental scenario would consist of large exposure x…
Dark matter signal and its annual modulation of event number are observed by some direct searches in small mass region. However, the regions have been excluded by others. The isospin-violating dark matter is a hopeful candidate to explain the discrepancy. We study the possibility that a future project of dark matter search using nuclear emulsion can reach favored region by the isospin-violating dark matter. Since the detector has the directional sensitivity, it is expected to examine the region including the modulation property.
We show that exothermic isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM) can make the results of the latest CDMS-Si experiment consistent with recent null experiments, such as XENON10, XENON100, LUX, CDEX, and SuperCDMS, whereas for the CoGeNT experiment, a strong tension still persists. For CDMS-Si, separate exothermic dark matter or isospin-violating dark matter cannot fully ameliorate the tensions among these experiments; the tension disappears only if exothermic scattering is combined with an isospin-violating effect of f_n/f_p=-0.7. For such exothermic IVDM to exist, at least a new vector gauge boson…
In light of positive signals reported by the CDMS-II Si experiment and the recent results of the LUX and SuperCDMS experiments, we study isospin-violating dark matter scenarios assuming that the interaction of the dark matter is mediated by colored particles. We investigate the phenomenology of the model, including collider searches, flavor and CP phenomenology. A minimal possible scenario includes scalar dark matter and new vector-like colored fermions with masses of O(1) TeV as mediators. Such a scenario may be probed at the 14 TeV LHC, while flavor and CP constraints are stringent and sever…
The known isospin-breaking contributions to the $K\rightarrow ππ$ amplitudes are reanalyzed, taking into account our current understanding of the quark masses and the relevant non-perturbative inputs. We present a complete numerical reappraisal of the direct CP-violating ratio $ε'/ε$, where these corrections play a quite significant role. We obtain the Standard Model prediction $\text{Re}\left(ε'/ε\right)\, =\,\left(14\,\pm\,5\right)\cdot 10^{-4}$, which is in very good agreement with the measured ratio. The uncertainty, which has been estimated conservatively, is dominated by our current igno…
We study a simple model that can give rise to isospin-violating interactions of Dirac fermion asymmetric dark matter to protons and neutrons through the interference of a scalar and U(1)$'$ gauge boson contribution. The model can yield a large suppression of the elastic scattering cross section off Xenon relative to Silicon thus reconciling CDMS-Si and LUX results while being compatible with LHC findings on the 126 GeV Higgs, electroweak precision tests and flavour constraints.
We discuss experimental probes of isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM), including direct and indirect detection strategies. We point out the important role which IVDM plays in understanding recent data regarding low-mass dark matter, and describe strategies for finding evidence of IVDM at current and upcoming experiments.
We reanalyze the annual modulation data observed by CoGeNT experiment and show that if the annually modulated anomaly detected by CoGeNT is induced by collision between dark matter particle and nucleus, it can be fitted by a $Z'$ model with inelastic dark matter and isospin-violating interaction, and the constraint from XENON100 can be avoided. This $Z'$ model is strongly constrained by collider physics that the upper bound of the mass of $Z'$ is around twice of the mass of dark matter.
The strong-isospin violation in $ψ(3770)\rightarrow J/ψ+ π^0$ via intermediate $D$ meson loops is investigated in an effective Lagrangian approach. In this process, there is only one $D$-meson loop contributing to the absorptive part, and the uncertainties due to the introduction of form factors can be minimized. With the help of QCD spectral sum rules (QSSR), we extract the $J/ψDD^*$ form factor as an implement from the first principle of QCD. The $DD^*π^0$ form factor can be well determined from the experimental data for $D\rightarrowπlν$. The exploration of the dispersion relation suggests …
We systematically calculate the isospin violating decay, $D_s^*\to D_sπ^0$, with the heavy meson chiral perturbation theory up to $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ including the loop diagrams. The $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ tree level amplitudes contain four undetermined LECs. We use two strategies to estimate them. With the nonanalytic dominance approximation, we get $Γ[D_s^\ast\to D_sπ^0]=(3.38\pm0.12)$ eV. With the naturalness assumption, we give a possible range of the isospin violating decay width, $[1.11-6.88]$ eV. We find that the contribution of the $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ corrections might be significant.
Some of direct dark matter searches reported not only positive signals but also annual modulation of the signal event. However, the parameter spaces have been excluded by other experiments. Isospin violating dark matter solves the contradiction by supposing different coupling to proton and neutron. We study the possibility to test the favored parameter region by isospin violating dark matter model with the future detector of dark matter using the nuclear emulsion. Since the nuclear emulsion detector has directional sensitivity, the detector is expected to examine whether the annual modulations…
The 2.5 sigma discrepancy between theory and experiment observed in the difference Delta ACP = ACP(B- --> pi0 K-) - ACP(Bb0 --> pi+ K-) can be explained by a new electroweak (EW) penguin amplitude. Motivated by this result, we have analyzed the purely isospin-violating decays B_s --> phi pi0 and B_s phi rho0, which are dominated by EW penguins. Our results extend the analysis in arXiv:0910.2809 and have recently been published in arXiv:1011.6319. Here we give a brief overview of the outcome.
The scenario of isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM) with destructive interference between DM-proton and DM-neutron scatterings provides a potential possibility to reconcile the experimental results of DAMA, CoGeNT and XENON. We explore the constraints on the IVDM from other direct detection experiments such as CRESST and SIMPLE, etc. and from the indirect DM searches such as the antiproton flux measured by BESS-Polar II. The results show that the relevant couplings in IVDM scenario are severely constrained.
We study the indirect detection of dark matter through neutrino flux from their annihilation in the center of the Sun, in a class of theories where the dark matter-nucleon spin-independent interactions break the isospin symmetry. We point out that, while the direct detection bounds with heavy targets like Xenon are weakened and reconciled with the positive signals in DAMA and CoGeNT experiments, the indirect detection using neutrino telescopes can impose a relatively stronger constraint and brings tension to such explanation, if the annihilation is dominated by heavy quark or $τ$-lepton final …
In this work, we revisit the isospin violating decays of $X(3872)$ in a coupled-channel effective field theory. In the molecular scheme, the $X(3872)$ is interpreted as the bound state of $\bar{D}^{*0}D^0/\bar{D}^0D^{*0}$ and $D^{*-}D^+/D^-D^{*+}$ channels. In a cutoff-independent formalism, we relate the coupling constants of $X(3872)$ with the two channels to the molecular wave function. The isospin violating decays of $X(3872)$ are obtained by two equivalent approaches, which amend some deficiencies about this issue in literature. In the quantum field theory approach, the isospin violating …
Searches for dark matter scattering off nuclei are typically compared assuming that the dark matter's spin-independent couplings are identical for protons and neutrons. This assumption is neither innocuous nor well motivated. We consider isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM) with one extra parameter, the ratio of neutron to proton couplings, and include the isotope distribution for each detector. For a single choice of the coupling ratio, the DAMA and CoGeNT signals are consistent with each other and with current XENON constraints, and they unambiguously predict near future signals at XENON and…
In a molecular scenario, we investigate the isospin-breaking hidden charm decay processes of $X(3872)$, i.e., $X(3872) \to π^+ π^- J/ψ$, $X(3872) \to π^+ π^- π^0 J/ψ$, and $X(3872)\to π^0χ_{cJ}$. We assume that the source of the strong isospin violation comes from the different coupling strengths of $X(3872)$ to its charged components $D^{\ast +} D^-$ and neutral components $D^{\ast 0 } \bar{D}^0$ as well as the interference between the charged meson loops and neutral meson loops. The former effect could fix our parameters by using the measurement of the ratio $Γ[X(3872) \to π^+ π^- π^0 J/ψ]/Γ…
Isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM) generalizes the standard spin-independent scattering parameter space by introducing one additional parameter, the neutron-to-proton coupling ratio f_n/f_p. In IVDM the implications of direct detection experiments can be altered significantly. We review the motivations for considering IVDM and present benchmark models that illustrate some of the qualitatively different possibilities. IVDM strongly motivates the use of a variety of target nuclei in direct detection experiments.
In scenarios where the dark matter interacts differently with protons and neutrons (isospin-violating dark matter), the interpretation of the experimental limits on the dark matter spin-independent cross section may be significantly modified. On the one hand, the direct detection constraints are shifted depending on the target nucleus, possibly changing the hierarchy among different experiments. On the other hand, the relative strength between the bounds from neutrino detectors and those from direct detection experiments is altered, allowing the former to be more competitive. In this paper, th…
The isospin violation process $Y(4260) \to J/ψηπ^{0}$ is studied assuming that $Y(4260)$ is a $D_{1} \bar{D}+c.c.$ hadronic molecule. In association with the production of the $Z_c(3900)$, which is treated as a $D \bar{D}^{*}+c.c.$ hadronic molecule, this process can help us distinguish their molecular natures from other scenarios, since the incomplete cancellation between the charged and neutral--meson loops, which are prominent in the molecular picture only, produces a peak in the $e^+e^-\to Y(4260)\to J/ψηπ^0$ cross section at the $D_{1} \bar{D}+c.c.$ threshold and a very prominent peak in …
We derive bounds on the dark matter annihilation cross-section for low-mass (5-20 GeV) dark matter annihilating primarily to up or down quarks, using the Fermi-LAT bound on gamma-rays from Milky Way satellites. For models in which dark matter-Standard Model interactions are mediated by particular contact operators, we show that these bounds can be directly translated into bounds on the dark matter-proton scattering cross-section. For isospin-violating dark matter, these constraints are tight enough to begin to constrain the parameter-space consistent with experimental signals of low-mass dark …
We consider a toy model of dark matter (DM) with a gauge singlet Dirac fermion that has contact interactions to quarks that differ for right-handed up and down quarks. This is motivated by the isospin-violating dark matter scenario that was proposed to reconcile reported hints of direct DM detection with bounds from non-observation of the signal in other experiments. We discuss how the effects of isospin violation in these couplings can be observed at the LHC. By studying events with large missing transverse momentum, we show that the ratio of mono-photon and mono-jet events is sensitive to th…
We present a study of the isospin-violating one-pion strong decays of single heavy tetraquarks $X_Q = X(s q \bar q \bar Q)$, $Q=c, b$, and $q=u, d$ with spin-parity $J^P = 0^+$. We assume that the tetraquarks have the configuration of a color diquark and a antidiquark. Three mechanisms of isospin violation can contribute to the decay rate: (1) mixing of the $X(s u \bar u \bar Q)$ and $X(s d \bar d \bar Q)$ tetraquark currents, (2) an explicit $m_d-m_u$ quark mass difference in the quark diagrams describing the corresponding decay transitions and (3) $π^0-η$ mixing in the final state. Our main …
We propose a $U(1)'$ model from $E_6$ which has an isospin-violation dark matter. By choosing a proper linear combination of two extra $U(1)$ gauge symmetries in $E_6$, it is natural to realize the ratio $f_n/f_p=-0.7$ so as to maximally relax the constraints from the Xenon based direct detection experiments. We study the sensitivities of the dark matter direct and indirect detection experiments, and identify the parameter spaces that can give the observed relic density. We also study the sensitivities of the future colliders with center mass energy $\sqrt{s}$= 33/50/100 TeV, and compare the d…
In the scenario of isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM), the dark matter (DM) spin-independent couplings to protons and to neutrons are allowed to be different, which has been considered to relax the tensions between the results of DAMA, CoGeNT and XENON experiments. We explore the allowed values of DM-nucleon couplings favored and excluded by the current experiments under the assumption of IVDM. We find that the recently updated XENON100 result excludes the main part of the overlapping signal region between DAMA and CoGeNT. The mass of the IVDM is restricted to a narrow range near 7.5-8 GeV. …
The decay of $Λ_c^+$ into $π^+π^0Λ(1405)$ with the $Λ(1405)$ decay into $π^0Σ^0$ through a triangle diagram is studied. This process is initiated by $ Λ_c^+ \to π^+ \bar{K}^*N $, then the $\bar{K}^*$ decays into $\bar{K} π$ and $\bar{K} N$ produce the $Λ(1405)$ through a triangle loop containing $\bar{K}^*N\bar{K}$ which develops a singularity around $1890$ MeV. This process is prohibited by the isospin symmetry, but the decay into this channel is enhanced by the contribution of the triangle diagram, which is sensitive to the mass of the internal particles. We find a narrow peak in the $π^0Σ^0…
The isospin violating dark matter (IVDM) scenario offers an interesting possibility to reconcile conflicting results among direct dark matter search experiments for a mass range around 10 GeV. We consider two simple renormalizable IVDM models with a complex scalar dark matter and a Dirac fermion dark matter, respectively, whose stability is ensured by the conservation of "dark matter number". Although both models successfully work as the IVDM scenario with destructive interference between effective couplings to proton and neutron, the dark matter annihilation cross section is found to exceed t…
We study mono-W signals of dark matter (DM) production at the LHC, in the context of gauge invariant renormalizable models. We analyze two simplified models, one involving an s-channel Z' mediator and the other a t-channel colored scalar mediator, and consider examples in which the DM-quark couplings are either isospin conserving or isospin violating after electroweak symmetry breaking. While previous work on mono-W signals have focused on isospin violating EFTs, obtaining very strong limits, we find that isospin violating effects are small once such physics is embedded into a gauge invariant …
Isospin-violating dark matter (IVDM) has been proposed as a viable scenario to reconcile conflicting positive and null results from direct detection dark matter experiments. We show that the lowest-order dark matter-nucleus scattering rate can receive large and nucleus-dependent corrections at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the chiral expansion. The size of these corrections depends on the specific couplings of dark matter to quark flavors and gluons. In general the full NLO dark-matter-nucleus cross-section is not adequately described by just the zero-energy proton and neutron couplings. Thes…
We consider the evaluation of the $ηπ$ isospin-violating vector and scalar form factors relying on a systematic application of analyticity and unitarity, combined with chiral expansion results. It is argued that the usual analyticity properties do hold (i.e. no anomalous thresholds are present) in spite of the instability of the $η$ meson in QCD. Unitarity relates the vector form factor to the $ηπ\to ππ$ amplitude: we exploit progress in formulating and solving the Khuri-Treiman equations for $η\to 3π$ and in experimental measurements of the Dalitz plot parameters to evaluate the shape of the …
Fermionic dark matter (DM) with attractive self-interaction is possible to form black holes (BH) inside the Gyr-old neutron stars (NS). Therefore by observing such NS corresponding to their adjacent DM environments can place bounds on DM properties, eg. DM-baryon cross section $σ_{χb}$, DM mass $m_χ$, dark coupling $α_χ$ and mediator mass $m_ϕ$. In case of isospin violation, DM couples to neutron and proton in different strengths. Even NS is composed of protons roughly one to two percent of the total baryons, the contribution from protons to the DM capture rate could be drastically changed in …
Positive parity meson states D*_{s0}(2317) and D_{s1}(2460) have masses slightly below the DK threshold. Therefore, both states can strongly decay only into isospin violating decays D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds ππ, D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds* π0 and D*_{s0}(2317) --> Ds π0. The pion states are having rather small energies, what makes these decays appropriate to study within heavy meson chiral perturbation theory and calculate loop contributions. The D_{s1}(2460) --> Ds ππdecays occur only at the loop level. Amplitude is a result of chiral loop contributions, which then have to be finite. However, in the case …
Hidden sector scenarios in which dark matter (DM) interacts with the Standard Model matter fields through the exchange of massive Z' bosons are well motivated by certain string theory constructions. In this work, we thoroughly study the phenomenological aspects of such scenarios and find that they present a clear and testable consequence for direct DM searches. We show that such string motivated Stückelberg portals naturally lead to isospin violating interactions of DM particles with nuclei. We find that the relations between the DM coupling to neutrons and protons for both, spin-independent (…
We show that in a multi-Higgs model in which one Higgs fits the LHC 125 GeV state, one or more of the other Higgs bosons can mediate DM-nucleon interactions with maximal DM isospin violation being possible for appropriate Higgs-quark couplings, independent of the nature of DM. We then consider the explicit example of a Type II two-Higgs-doublet model, identifying the h or H as the 125 GeV state while the H or h, respectively, mediates DM-nucleon interactions. Finally, we show that if a stable scalar, S, is added then it can be a viable light DM candidate with correct relic density while obeyin…
Recent lattice QCD results suggest that the masses of the first two positive parity $B_s$ mesons lie below the BK threshold, similar to the case of $D^*_{s0}(2317)^+$ and $D_{s1}(2460)^+$ mesons. The mass spectrum of $B_s$ mesons seems to follow pattern of $D_s$ mass spectrum. As in the case of charmed mesons, the structure of positive parity $B_s$ mesons is very intriguing. To shed more light on this issue, we investigate strong isospin violating decays $B_s(0^+) \to B_s^0 π^0$, $B_s(1^+) \to B_s^{*0} π^0$ and $B_s(1^+) \to B_s^0 ππ$ within heavy meson chiral perturbation theory. The two body…
We present an updated analysis of isospin-violating corrections to $\varepsilon'/\varepsilon$ in the framework of chiral perturbation theory, taking advantage of the currently improved knowledge on quark masses and nonperturbative parameters. The role of the different ingredients entering into the analysis is carefully assessed. Our final result is $Ω_{\mathrm{eff}}=0.110\,{}^{+0.090}_{-0.088}$.
The 2.5 sigma discrepancy between theory and experiment observed in the difference A_CP(B^- --> pi^0 K^-)-A_CP(Bbar^0 --> pi^+ K^-) can be explained by a new electroweak penguin amplitude. Motivated by this result, we analyse the purely isospin-violating decays B_s --> phi rho^0 and B_s --> phi pi^0, which are dominated by electroweak penguins, and show that in presence of a new electroweak penguin amplitude their branching ratio can be enhanced by up to an order of magnitude, without violating any constraints from other hadronic B decays. This makes them very interesting modes for LHCb and fu…
