在 GW170817 中探测超轻同位旋破缺媒介子
Probing ultralight isospin-violating mediators at GW170817
AI总结：
本文利用 GW170817 引力波数据约束与质子、中子差异化耦合的超轻同位旋破缺媒介子，在地球完全屏蔽该力的参数区间给出中子耦合 f_n≲10^-19 的领先上限。
摘要：
双中子星并合产生的引力波（GW）信号为探测超轻媒介子提供了新的灵敏手段。本文分析 LIGO/Virgo 合作组在 GW170817 事件中探测到的引力波信号，以对与质子和中子具有不同耦合的超轻同位旋破缺媒介子施加约束。主要由中子组成的中子星是探测同位旋破缺媒介子的理想场所。这种媒介子可通过长程 Yukawa 力和新的偶极辐射显著改变双中子星并合的动力学。我们在计算引力波形时考虑了同位旋破缺媒介子导致的新物理效应，并采用贝叶斯推断分析 GW170817 事件的引力波数据。我们发现，尽管当前第五种力实验（包括 MICROSCOPE 和 EW）通常给出比 GW170817 数据更严格的约束，但在同位旋破缺力被地球完全屏蔽的参数空间中（即地球在该力下呈电中性），GW170817 数据给出了领先约束：在媒介子质量约为 (3×10^-16, 5×10^-14) eV 的范围内，中子耦合的上限为 f_n ≲ 10^-19。
英文摘要：
Gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from binary neutron star mergers offer new, sensitive probes to ultralight mediators. Here we analyze the GW signals in the GW170817 event detected by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration to impose constraints on the ultralight isospin-violating mediator that has different couplings to protons and neutrons. Neutron stars, which primarily consist of neutrons, are the ideal places to probe the isospin-violating mediator. Such a mediator can significantly alter the dynamics of the binary neutron star mergers, through both the long-range Yukawa force and the new dipole radiation. We compute the gravitational waveform by taking into account the new physics effects due to the isospin-violating mediator and use the Bayesian inference to analyze the gravitational wave data in the GW170817 event. We find that although the current fifth force experiments (including MICROSCOPE and EW) often provide more stringent constraints than the GW170817 data, in the parameter space where the isospin-violating force is completely screened by the Earth (namely, the Earth is charge neutral under this force), the GW170817 data offer the leading constraints: the upper bound on the neutron coupling is $f_n \lesssim 10^{-19}$ in the mediator mass range of $\simeq(3\times10^{-16},\,5\times10^{-14})$ eV.
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